HoUingor Corp. 
pH 8.5 



N9I7-FOXS ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



I GV 885 

.S6 

1907 
Copy 1 

lllf. 



OFFICIAL 



GUIDE 

AND 
PROTECTIVE 
ASSOCIATION 
RULES 

FOR 1907- 08. 




THOMAS H. SMITH 



Price 10 Cents 




RICHARD K. FOX 
PUBI^ISHER 
FRANKLIN SQUARE NEW YORK 





RICHARD K. FOX 



PROPRIETOR OF THE POLICE GAZETTE 
PUBLISHING HOUSE 



Official 

Basket Ball 
Guide 

z=== AND == 

Protective 
Association 
Rules for 
190 7 -'o 8 

BY 

Thomas H. Smith 

Fu//y Illustrated 

RICHARD K. FOX, Publisher 

FRANKLIN SQUARE NEW YORK CITY 



Lii^riARY of CONGRESS 
Two CoDles Received 
SEP 23 >90r 
Copyrieht Entry 



CUfes4 XXCmKo. 
COPY B. 



Copyright, 1907 
by 

Richard K. Fox 





CONTENTS. 



Pagt 

noil of Officers 8 

Basketball and The Protective Association 11 

Explanatory 24 

All-American Team 29 

Report of Cliampionsliip Couimittee. 35 

Officials 59 

Hints on Handling a Team G" 

Rules 7o 

Constitution of the rrotectiv(> liaskctball ard Athletic 

Association of the Eastern Slates 103 

Rules for Scoring 151 

Minute Men. . ^51 

Disengaged Players 15: 




GEORGE B. SERENBETZ, 
President Protective Basketball and Athletic Association of the 
Eastern States. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page 



Richard K. Fox 2 

George B. Serenbetz 6 

Laiiter Piano Co. Team 10 

Tlieodoro C. Jung 12 

Wanita Team 14 

Eugene M. Strehl IG 

Louglilin Lyceum Team IS 

Tlie Emeralds 20 

Knicl^erboclcer Five 22 

All-Amerlcan Basketball Team 28 

James C. Russell 3q 

Tlie Diamond Five 32 

Rippowam Basketl)all Team 34 

Company G Basketball Team 36 

Crescent (Senior) Team of Paters, ;n 38 

Naval Reserve Basketball Team 40 

Alert Basketball Team 42 

Robert Thompson 44 

Thonuis II. Smith 46 

George P. Spindler 48 

Crescent (Junior) Team of Paterson 50 

Jos. Bernstein 52 

William Walsh 54 

E. B. Goate 56 

Charles P. McWade 58 

St. Thomas A. C. Team 60 



ROLL OF OFFICERS. 



George B. Serenbetz, President. 
Theodore C. Jung, Vice-President 
Eugene M, Strehl, Secret? ry. 
Joseph Stadelberger, Cor. Secretary. 
James C. Russell, Treasurer. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -Continued. 

Page 

Bey. John L. Scudcler „ 62 

Y. M. C. A. Team of Mitldletown 64 

Xavier Wanderers 66 

St. reter's Team _ _ _ 68 

Cedar Basketball Team 70 

Rubber Five , _ 72 

Diagram of Court 74 

Peerless Basketball Team 76 

Diamond, Jr., Team 78 

St. Christopher Tigers 80 

Franklin A. C. Team 82 

Co. C 54 Basketball Team 84 

jVrarlow A. C. Team 86 

Valencia A. C. Team 88 

Ke5\stone Team 90 

Sagamore Stars. 92 

St. John's Institute Team , , 94 

^orkville Basketball Team 96 

Nassau Basketball Team 98 

siguet Basketball Team 100 

(^astleton Basketball Team 102 

I'late 1 = 110 

Plate 2 112 

Plate 3 114 

Plate 4 , 116 

Plate 5 118 

Plate 6 , 120 

Plate 7 122 

Plate 8 124 

Plate 9 126 

Plate 10 128 

Plate 11 130 

Plate 12 132 

Plate 13 134 

Plate 14 136 

Plate 1.5 138 

Plate 16 . 140 

Plate 17 142 

Plate 18 , 144 

Plate 19 146 

Plate 20 _ . . 148 

How to Keep Score. . ...... 150 



Basketball and The Protective 
Association. 

By THE EDITOR. 

The Protective Association is in the third year of its 
existence, numbers considerably^ over one hundred teams and 
is generally admitted to be the best sample of practical and 
elfective combination that the game of basketball and its 
players have had as yet. An organization composed mainly 
of basketball people, it exists for no other purpose than to 
help, improve and protect the game, and to be of what use 
it can to the manager and player who are inclined to 
be decent. 

In the make-up of the Association the team is the recog- 
nized unit of organization, and is represented in the delib- 
erations of the l)()dy by its manager or his alternate, gener- 
ally the captain, who wield the voting power. All meetings 
are open to maunger and i)layer alike for the free expression 
of views, and action is in aeeordanee with the trend of 
opinion as expressed at the meetings. Thus those who are 
actively engaged in the game guide its policy, which, to say 
the least, is as fair and practical a scheme as any. 

During its career the Assoeiation hns won the respect 
and confidence of all fair-minded jieople, by reason of its 
firmness and honesty, and the common-sense lines along 
which it proceeds. It is consistent, innsmueh as it first 
looks after its own members and sees that they do what 
is right by others, npnlying rational but effective measures 
to outsiders who trifle with Association tennis. It is rot 
swayed by expediency, nor does it lack the courage to 
tackle any situation the existence of which threatens tbe 
welfare of basketball. It has been a powerful agency for 
the improvement of the s'ame and the elimination of unflf^- 
sirable features, and while it has rot done all that it would 
like to have done, nevertheless it stands pledged to con- 
tinued effort until all basketball organizations in the United 



THEODORE C. JUNG, 

Vice-President of Protective Basketball and Athletic Association 
of Eastern States. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 13 



States are in touch with one another, doing their share and 
working in concert for tlie improvement and permanence of 
what is destined to become the national midwinter sport. 

The Association believes in amateur basketball as that 
form of the sport best calculated to develop a spirit of 
high-class sportsmanship. It also believes that those choos- 
ing to play the game for money have that privilege. It does 
not aim, as has been claimed, at the promiscuous herding 
together of the amateur and the professional, but believes 
that both may work together from a common basis of 
interest for the benefit of the sport, and that the best 
method of handling basketball is in its entirety. 

It would be a little premature to state that the game 
is in perfect shape as things stand at the present writing, 
for many abuses still exist and in such form and under such 
circumstances as make them hard to get at. There also 
seems to be a lack of reliable sources of information, and 
this, more than anvthing else, is responsible for the go-as- 
you-please system that is handicapping the sport to-day. 
The Ass elation, believing that the remedy for the confusion 
attendant upon each tear^ going its own way without ref- 
erence to the movements of anybody else, lays in basketball 
people becoming more intimately acquainted with one 
another, hereby tenders its assistance to all reputable 
teams. It will gladly assist teams to become acquainted 
and get into communication with other teams in different 
parts of the country, and will cheerfully furnish such infor- 
mation as managers may need in order to conduct their 
business to the best advantage. 

Despite its many handicaps and disadvantages, basketball 
may be said to have safely weathered its probationary stage 
find to have secured a fairly hiah standing in the popular 
estimation. In no case is this better illustrated than in the 
attitude of the public press toward the sport at present, as 
contrasted to its attitude of five years ago. In those days 
the space writer found in basketball a convenient outlet for 
much .iournalistic frivolity, and if the truth must be told, 
the subsequent progress of the game has not in any great 
measure been the result of the treatment it has received at 
the hands of the newspapers: still, the sport has continued 
to advance mainly on its own merits, until it has attained 
a prominence which cannot be ignored, and the great 
molders of American public opinion have at last seen fit 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 15 



to treat basketball, not solely as a diversion of athletically 
inclined young ladies, but as a sport that the athletic youth 
of America has taken up in all due seriousness and made 
his own. 

The public also has shown its willingness to patronize 
and support the game when played honestly and conducted 
with common sense, and eA^en a vigorous controversy has 
been helpful, for whatever may be said regarding the ques- 
tions at issue between the dissenting organizations, it must 
be admitted that the differences of opinion have proved 
beneficial to the game, stimulating and contributiug toward 
a healthy interest where heretofore apathy and indifference 
have existed, and the end is not yet, for without becoming 
unduly optimistic it is safe to say that basketball has passed 
the stage of mere interest; interest having gradually grown 
and ripened into enthusiasm. 

Many will remember and few will forget the enthusiasm 
which found vent for its expression during the ten memor- 
able weeks of the tournament for the championship of the 
East. The heroic efforts of the massive, ruugcd, heavy- 
weight teams for premier honors in their class will loi'g 
rank as classics wherever tales of basketl)all achievement 
are told. Ihe resistless onset of the peerh>ss Lauter team 
of Jersey City was only eiiualed by the stubborn resistance 
of the Loughlin Lyceum team of lirooklyn, and the gallant 
efforts of the champi(>n Knickerbockers, winners of last 
year's tournament, to defend their title. As matters pro- 
gressed it became apparent that the piano players, as the 
rooters facetiously cliristenivl t:ie Lauter team, were slowly 
but none the less surely fors>:inf; to the front, winning out 
in the end by a small margin from Loughlin Lyceum, while 
the general favorites, the Knickerbockers, were forced to 
be content with third place this ume. 

Meanwhile, in the lightweight tournament, subdivided 
owing to the great number of entries, so that three different 
tournaments were actually in progress at the same time in 
New York, Brooklyn and Jersey Tity, the struggle for 
supremacy of each locality presented a series of contests 
exciting enough to satisfy the most exacting; but it remained 
for the finals to show how great a hold basketball has 
acquired upon the public, and the history of the game con- 
tains no parallel to the thrilling struggle that ensued when 
"Greek met Greek" and Connecticut and New Jersey each 




EUGENE M. STREHL, 
Secretary P. B. B. and A. A. of tlie E. S. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 



17 



sent her best to meet the pick of New York and the best 
that Brookljm could produce. 

Connecticut recired beaten fairly. New Jersey sacrificed 
its last chance for the diamond medals by chivalrously 
declining to take advantage of an opponent in distress. 
Good as the Brooklyn champions were, they had to lower 
their colors to the Wanitas of New York, who in conse-- 
quence ^^ill wear the diamond medals, hold the "Bernstein 
Cup," and be hailed as the champions of the East for 1907 
in the 140-pound class, thus ending the greatest tournament 
held up to date, a matchless display of sportsmanship and 
a meeting of champions indeed. 

No resume of the season of 1906-1907 would be complete 
without some allusion to that most happy event which winds 
up each active basketball season— the annual dinner of the 
Protective Association. Such an event is said to be unique 
in the annals of athletics, and repetition does not seem to 
make it any less so, for of the many guests who had the 
privilege of dining with the four hundred young athletes 
who made Reisenweber's and the Circle vibrate with their 
cheers and songs, none could be found who had ever wit- 
nessed a scene to equal it. In the words of one of our news- 
paper friends, "It was a most brilliant and inspiring sight, 
and cheers for everybody were continuous. The club rivalry 
of the season and the keen, tense competition of the cham- 
pionship tournament gave place to a truly remarkable dis- 
play of fellowship and good will. It was a night of 
sociability and friendship, and general exchange of greet- 
ings, compliments and happy wishes," and "the dinner" is 
now a permanent event that everybody looks forward to, 
and a part of the game of basketball as a whole. 

A most regrettable incident was the outcome of an 
attempt to settle the question of supremacy between the 
Crescent team of Paterson, N. J., and the Company G team 
of Gloversville, N. 1^. In spite of the fact that the team 
from East Liverpool, Ohio, has a victory over Company G 
on the Gloversville court, it is safe to say that two better 
teams than the Crescents and Company G cannot be found 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. A series of games 
were arranged and two games were played, each team win- 
ning one; at this stage a dispute arose and the managers 
of the two teams who had been conducting the affair were 



LOITGHLIN LYCEUM TEAM, GREENPOIITT, N. Y. 

Winners of Second Honors in Heavyweight Championship 
Tournament of the East. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 19 



anable to agree upon conditioDs for a third and deciding 
contest. 

Undoubtedly tliese two managers .have made a serious 
mistake. The Gloversville-Crescent question had been so 
extensively advertised and so widely discussed that it had 
practically become a public question, and the public wanted 
to see it decided one way or the other. A fiasco of this 
kind is full of sinister possibilities to a game that seeks 
public favor and support, and if these things, once secured, 
are to continue, basketball must be conducted in a more 
conservative, dignified fashion, and championships and like 
questions must not be subject to the opinions, whims, or 
perhaps the private interests of any one or two managers, 
or this or that individual, but must be handled with a 
proper regard for the rights and opinions of those whose 
interest constitutes the successful continuance and actual 
strength of the game. 

Serious cause for complaint and concern has lately arisen 
from the conduct of a certain set of worthies, styling them- 
selves "the Bush Leaguers." The Association willingly con- 
cedes that a certain number of unattached players may bear 
the same relation to the game as the unemployed bear to 
the general economic situation, and if these players see fit 
to organize themselves into real teams and go along decently 
nobody has any just cause for criticism; but such modera- 
tion seems to have no place in the creed of the bush 
leaguer. Taken all in all he is perhaps the greatest peril 
that threatens the game to-day. lie will not go to the 
trouble of taking five men and training them into good 
basketball players, but prefers to tamper with the players 
whose excellence is the result of your expended time and 
effort. He is the one who saps the allegiance of your best 
player, tempting him to flit away, often leaving his own 
team in the lurch that he may disport himself in the line-up 
of some utterly irresponsible fly-by-night pretence, and 
perhaps pocket a couple of dollars that represent the sacri- 
fice and violation of principle, honor and decency. 

This more than anything else is the agency that is grad- 
ually changing the well-meaning, honest amateur into the 
money-hungry, unscrupulous outlaw. This is the reason for 
ihe suspicion and distrust of your patrons and rooters, who 
naturally feel that something is not right when the same 
faces appear on your court every other week or so under 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 21 



different names and with a different team. Know Mr. Out- 
of-Town Manager, tliat every time you booli one of these 
teams you are assisting to break \vq some other man's 
team, thereby reducing the number of legitimate teams 
upon which you must perforce depend for visiting attrac- 
tions. Remember, Mr. Traveling Manager, that every time 
one of your players goes with one of these teams he is 
helping to keep in existence a set of irresponsibles, who 
are getting the games that your own team and other legiti- 
mate teams ought to get. 

Here you have a situation without one redeeming feature 
that surely calls for concerted action if anything ever did. 
From any standpoint the bush lenguer is an athletic dere- 
lict fraught with peril to every team with which he comes 
into contact, and his suppression is a necessity if basketball 
is to win and hold public esteem. The Association is doing 
its share to put a stop to this sort of thing, and asks the 
co-operation of every friend of the gauie. 

As in previous years, Philadelphia still holds its 
reputation as the leading basketball center of the coun- 
try, and justly so, for in hard, practical common sense 
knowledge of the game, and how to play it, Philadel- 
phia is well in advance of any other section. In one par- 
ticular the City of Brotherly Love is certainly unique; it 
has a league of professional basketball teams, and to the 
best of the writer's belief, the young men comprising these 
teams are among the few playing for money who have had 
the honesty and common decency to stand forth and pro- 
claim the fact. It may be humiliating to have to admit 
such things, but surely this is far better sportsmanship than 
the hypocrisy that poses as amateur while actually taking 
money for playing. 

The Protective Association having been organized for 
the protection of basketball pure ana simple, the changes 
in the constitution of the Association relating to other forms 
of athletic competition are explained by the apparent deter- 
mination of the organization handling athletics to debar 
our members from competition. In view of these facts the 
Association finding itself in a position where the welfare 
of its members may demand the furnishing of other forms 
of athletics for their benefit, will cheerfully assume the 
burden and responsibility of conducting such athletic meets 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 23 



and other forms of competition as the necessities and wel- 
fare of its members may demand, 

AVe cannot say that Ave regard registration with, or the 
paying of a fee to, any organization as a very conclusive 
test of a man's amateur status, and we deplore the spirit 
which would seek to make membership in an organization 
like ou^'s the sole reason for what practically amounts to a 
boycott. Since its formation the Association has gone along 
attending strictly to its own business. It has invariably 
remained within its own rights au'^ has C(;nscientiously 
endeavored to rntagonize nobody. It will always be found 
ready and willing to co-operate with those who are sincere 
in their de>.n-e to uphold honesty and put a curb on faking; 
but it may as well be understood now as at any other time 
that the I'rotective Athletic and BasketV)all Association asks 
nobody's permission to exist, and has no apologies to offer 
to anybody for Ijeing in business. It was originally forced 
into existence l)y conditions not of its own seeking or 
making, and as long as it is compelled to will proceed along 
the lines already mapped out, lieiiestly and sincerely trying 
to do its level best in all that it undertakes. 




EXPLANATORY. 

By THE EDITOR. 

The Protective Association rules differ in many respects 
from any advanced up to tlie present time. The changes and 
additions are the result of a careful, conscientious consider- 
ation of the opinions and suggestions of many, who having 
a long and intimate acquaintance with the game, and being 
known to have its best interests at heart, seem peculiarly 
fitted to know what changes time has rendered necessary 
and advisable. While the subject has been approached in 
a spirit of fairness to the persons who in past seasons 
have propounded rules which, to say the least, offer a sub- 
stantial foundation upon which to base improvement, never- 
theless it may as well be understood that in these rules 
basket ball is dealt with from a practical rather than a 
theoretical standpoint based on the simple, self-evidently 
truthful fact that it is a hard, strenuous game, the very 
nature of which presupposes a certain percentage of 
vigorous, personal contact and hard knocks to its devotees 
and that a fast game of basket ball has no place for the 
timid, the weak or the ailing. 

It is expected that in common with every other innova- 
tion, the ''Association Rules"' will come in for their share 
of criticism, and honest criticism will be heartily wel- 
comed ; but the Association will attach no importance nor 
pay any attention to carping or unfriendly fault-finding. 
These rules are advanced in the expectation that they will 
do their share toward securing simplicity and uniformity of 
interpretation, while offering the minimum of hindrance to 
the playing of a clean, fast, versatile, scientific game. They 
are likewise intended to cover that peculiar situation where 
many teams insist on playing what they call the *'old 
rules," while others can see nothing but a different set of 
regulations which they choose to regard as "up to date." 

The flaw in the "old rules" side of the argument is that 
while they provided for a perfectly clean game, very few 
copies of these " '96-"97" rules are in existence, and in the 
absence of any printed authority, "old rules" have been 
construed simply as license to do as one pleases, with the 
exception of running with the ball and one or two other 
things. While the up-to-date articles seem to have been, 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 25 



so very carefully constructed that actions which necessity 
demands if the game is to be played, can b^e construed as 
fouls by overzealous officials. The "Association Rules" are 
so constructed as to permit all the freedom of action dear 
to the heart of the advocate of the "old rules," while in- 
cluding the principal features which make the "up-to-date" 
rules attractive. 

It will be noticed that the cage game has for the first 
time been recognized and provided for in the hope that in 
time to come the wide gulf which seems to separate it 
from the side line game will be bridged in a manner satis- 
factory to admirers of both. 

In many cases the rules are dealt with from the stand- 
point that the home team will always have an important 
advantage in games played upon the home court, while a 
visiting team is under a corresponding disadvantage. In 
order that this may be equalized to a certain extent, the 
rules provide for an increased length of the shank of the 
basket, to the end that carroming the ball may be minimized, 
and likewise provide that a fwo throw lunst bo a clean 
throw ; for the real test of a player's al)ility to score is 
not his expertness in bouncing a ball from a well-known 
spot on a well-known back-board into the basket, but his 
ability to shoot n ball within tlio confiiics of a ring eighteen 
inches in diameter without any assistance other than that 
of the well-trained muscles acting in conjunction with the 
accurate eye. 

In pursuance of the same idea, the six-foot lane is abol- 
ished as serving no particularly useful purpose, diminishing 
at the same time the embarrassment of the player trying 
for a goal from the mark, by removing the "running-the- 
gauntlet" feature and reducing the chances of two points 
being sneaked through by a fake throw, while giving every- 
body an equal chance when the ball goes into play. 

It will be noticed that in accordance with the Associa- 
tion policy of playing no favorites, and entering into no 
deals with business houses in the sporting goods line, that 
no firm's ball has been adopted as the official Association 
ball. Competition is the life of trade, and from an Asso- 
ciation standpoint one firm's ball is as good as another, 
and an equal chance is extended to all firms manufacturing 
a ball that complies with the requirements as set forth in 
these rules. 

The alternating of the officials as referee and umpire is 



26 PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 



not offered as a final solution of the official problem, but 
as the plan which, all things considered, has been found 
to work best. Organization has not proceeded far enough 
to admit of assigning officials to all games, but when it 
has, a body of officials will doubtless be organized that by 
virtue of special training and non-connection with any 
competing orgr.nization, will assure conditions as nearly 
ideal as human ingenuity can make them. 

In allotting a scorer and timekeeper to the visiting 
team, the rules, while depriving the home team of nothing, 
allows the visiting team a representation that is perfectly 
fair and just. Mistakes and misunderstandings will be 
less liable to occur under this ruling. 

Players are held back of the foul lines until the ball is 
in play in order to establish a line-up that shall be uniform 
and compulsory. While many players in different parts of 
the country have been in the habit of taking a position on 
some part of the court which is deemed favorable to the 
carrying out of some signal, it can readily be seen that 
much confusion can result from permitting players to line 
up according to their own views on the subject, and the 
change is designed to make a uniform line-up obligatory, 
furnishing at the same time a given position and definite 
time from which to start play. 

The ball is awarded to the first man over the line in 
order to prevent the slowing up of the game when the ball 
goes out of bounds. It would seem as though the opposite 
side rule has failed in its intent to keep the ball in bounds, 
and the general effect of the rule has been to cause the 
game to come to a standstill while the referee decides 
which side was to blame for the ball going out. The change 
has been tried at the Protective Association tournament 
and has been found to secure a fast, continuous game with 
a minimum of roughness. 

If the science of the game consists of securing the un- 
interrupted continuance of team play on a team, it is 
equally logical to assume that the same science admits of 
the advisability of interrupting the other side's offensive 
play and general team work as a means to that end as far 
as is consistent with a clean game. There is no good 
reason why a player should stand idly by and permit an 
opponent to tackle a team mate who has a chance to score, 
and the game displays incoherency and weakness that on 
any pretext exacts such self-sacrifice. For this reason the 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 27 



block as a block pure and simple T.as been permitted. It 
will Le found to increase interest in the game by providing 
players with a duty to perform where heretofore they have 
been forced to stand and look on; it will double the effi- 
ciency of a player by teaching him the importance of co- 
operation in his team's efforts and of actively helping a 
team mate by turning him loose with the ball, fairly secure 
from interruption for a period, be it ever so brief. It will 
develop versatility of play and adds a feature that will be 
appreciated by the spectators and it will have no tendency 
to create roughness, for the use of hip, elbow or shoulder 
is forbidden, and it will be up to the referee to see that 
these parts of the person do not figure in the game as 
blocking. 

There seems to be no good reason why it should be wrong 
to dri]>ble with two hands and permissible to dribble with 
one. The dribble is a useful feature of the game if for no 
other reason than that it serves to keep the ball moving 
when both teams are covering very closely. The fact that 
a two-handed dribble tends to roughness is overdrawn. It 
tends to no more roughness than crops up in the situation 
w^here four men are clnsely co\ ered and the man in pos- 
session of the ball forced by rule to remain in the same 
spot with it for a suffici(>nt length of time to permit his 
opponent to reach him and engage in a tussle. Much an- 
noyance Avill be obviated through the oflJicial not having 
the chance to construe an inadvertent touch with both 
hands into a foul. 

Out of deference to the claim that dribbling tends to 
individual play, "grand-standing." etc., the rules do not 
permit a player to score on a dribble, but allow him the 
customary two bounces in order that he may better his 
position and improve his chances of scoring, when shooting 
for a goal, the Association conception of the rules being 
that it is preferable to help a player rather than to 
hinder him. 

With these few comments the Association Rules are 
respectfully submitted to the basketball players, managers, 
officials and rooters in the sincere hope that they will have 
at least a tendency toward the solving of some of the 
pv.zzles and perplexities which periodically confront them. 
The rules are not immutable, but will be changed as often 
as the necessities and best interests of basketball may war- 
rant, and now "line up and let us have some real basket- 
ball." 



ALL-AMERICAN BASKETBALL TEAM. 

Jack Fox, Harry Haring-, Pete Lamb, 

Charles MuUer, Ed. Wachter, 

J. Roache, Harry Hough, Winfield Kinkaid. 



THE ALL=AiVlERICAN BASKET= 
BALL TEAM 

By ROBERT THOMPSON 

That basketball during the last year easily enjoyed a 
season of unparalleled profit and success has been manifest 
by the keen interest displayed therein by the American 
public. Moreover, there has been such a superabundance 
of high class "talent" that it is exceedingly difficult to de- 
cide as to tlie resi)ecti\ (' merits of the tive m* n who are 
clearly entitled to be placed on the "All-American" team. 

In view of the splendid array of par excellent basket- 
ball players developed during the past year— representing 
ihe North, South, East and AVest— tliei'e A\ill doubtless be 
considerable adverse criticism in coimeclinn with the play- 
ers herein mentioned— due largi'ly to a feeling of local fa- 
voritism. It is therefore pertinent to state that they have 
been selected without prejudice and only after mature de- 
liberation — every phase and feature having been carefully 
considered before reaching a hnal decision. 

Below is given a list of the players whose condition 
and "form' during the season just ended were such as 
to warrant their selection for the 

ALIi- AMERICAN TEA3I. 

Center, Ed. Wachter, ( ;i(jV(>rsville, N. Y.: Charles Muller, 

St. I'eter's, New York City. 
Right Forward, Harry Hough, "South Side." Pittsburg. Ta. 
Left Forward, Jack Fox, Gloversville, X. Y. 
Right Guard, Winfield Kinkaid, East Liverpool, Pa. 
Left Guard, Harry Haring, Paterson, N. J. 
Alternates, Peter Lamb, Gloversville, and J. Road e, Naval 

Reserve Team, Newport, R. I. 

Center. 

While there has been a quantity of exceptionally pro- 
ficient centers developed during the past year, an ini- 



JAMES C. RUSSELL, 
Treasurer Protective Basketball and Athletic Association 
Eastern States. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 



31 



partial judge could not possibly go beyond Ed. Wacliter, of 
Gloversvilie, X. Y. (Co. G.), and Charles Muller, St. Peter's 
and South Side, in the selection of the most valuable player 
for that position. It is, however, impossible, in my opin- 
ion, to attempt to separate these two men so far as their 
ability and actual worth to their respective teams are con- 
cerned. The former has lined up against all the prominent 
teams of the country, and, it is maintained, has never been 
outscored. He is si»lendidly proportioned (standing six feet 
three and tipjuug the beam at IS.') pounds), and his great 
speed and enormous strength make him a powerful factdi 
in every game in which lie partiei))at(S, Mul'er has in- 
variably suceceded in outscoring his oj)]u)iieur and is con- 
sidered l)y many expert basketball judges to be easily the 
fleetest and most adept bask-et-maker m the eountry. This, 
when taken in connection w'th his nattiral sii]ii)leness. ag- 
gressive tactics and dis])osition to sacrifice individual play 
for the perfecton of team work, serves to make him an 
hivaluable acquisition to his team. 

Right Forward. 

Harry Hough, of th(^ • 'South Side"* (ritts])urg) team, is 
termed by all who have witnessed his remarkable elusive- 
uess and uue(iualed "dribbliug" ability, as the 'Tiasketltall 
King." T\\',\t he has lioiK^stly earned that title there can 
be no doubt. In the opinion of the writer he is without 
question the sixMMliest and mosi brilliant forward the game 
has ever prodnced. His agility and dribbling prowess are 
the marv(ds of to-day, his accurate shooting nothing short 
of phenomenal. 

I^eft Forward. 

Jack Fox, of Gloversvilie, Co. G, has l)een playing the 
game for more than ten years. He was in tip-top condi- 
tion las+^ season and i)la>'ed the fastest game of his career — 
ah\-ays succeeo'iig in outscoring his o])])oneut at least to 
the extent of two l^ask'cts to on(\ He is a strong believer 
in team work, which he makes it an inviolabl(> rule to prac- 
tice, and to this theory his success may be attrilnited. In 
addition to lieing a tnan of enormous strength, he has a rec- 
ord of playing four consecutive years without being "shut 
out" in the matter of basket-making. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 33 



Right Guard. 

Winfield Kinkaid, of East Liverpool, Pa., was instrumental 
in winning the championship for the De Neri (Philadelphia 
League) in 1906. Subsequently he joined the East Liverpool 
team, and partly as the result of his excellent work that 
aggregation also carried off the championship. Kinkaid is 
a cool, heady player and can only be placed in the very 
front rank of defensive players. 

Left Guard. 

Harry Haring, Crescents of Paterson, is easily consid- 
ered the fastest guard and most aggressive defensive player 
in this section. He is an excellent shot, which is very un- 
common for a guard. In my judgment he is superior to any 
man now playing the game in the matter of passing and 
covering his opponent. Even if Haring did not play on a 
team of such exceptional ability as the Crescents, his 
natural speed and defensive tactics would serve to make 
him shine as a "star." 

P. Lamb, captain and forward of Gloversville, X. Y., 
and Roche, of Newport, R. I., are of such ex('('})tional worth 
and of such great value to thoir rcsjMM-tiN c teams that 
there is really but little choice l)et\veen Them and the play- 
ers above mentioned. They are l)oth very speedy, consistent 
and difficult men to oppose. 



w 

o a 



REPORT OF CHAMPIONSHIP 
COMMITTEE 



Protective Basketball and Athletic Association of the 
Eastern States. 

To the Officers and Members of The P. B, B. & A. Ass'n. 

Gentlemen; The Championship Committee begs to sub- 
mit its report of the Second Annual Championship Basket- 
ball Tournament of the rrotective Basketball and Athletic 
Association of the Eastern States in live sections, viz.: 

Section 1, Xew York Lightweight Championship Tourna- 
ment- 
Sec. 2. Brooklyn. Long Island and Staten Island Light- 
weight Championsliij) Tournament. 

Sec. 3. New Jersey Lightweight Championship Tourna- 
ment. 

Sec. 4. Final Lightweight and Heavyweight Champion- 
ship Tournament. 

Sec. 5. Recapitulation, Recommendations and Remarks. 

The tournament was divided into two classes. One styled 
the Heavyweight Class, in which no restriction was im- 
posed regarding weight, and the Lightweight Class, in 
which the average weight of competing teams was re- 
stricted to 140 pouuds, while no single player could weigh 
more than l.j.j pounch;. 

Time and space forbid the publication of a lengthy de- 
scriptive article, even if your committee possessed the 
literary ability re(iuisite to such a task, or retained the 
necessary energy, after conducting to a successful conclu- 
sion an undertaking of such magnitude as your champion- 
ship tournament of the season 1906-07. 

On the following pages will be found in their regular 
order a synojisis of the various events as they occurred, 
without reservation or embellishment. A glance will recall 
to your memory the stirring scenes attendant upon the 
settlement of the championship question much more vividly 



FHOTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL, 37 



than anything that your committee could say or write, and 
it only remains to be said that your recently completed 
tournament will long remain a splendid monument and 
tribute to the value of sincere, intelligent, concerted effort 

liightweight Championship of New York. 

TEAMS. 

Wanderers, New York Pity. St. Christopher Alerts, New 

Yorkvilles, New York City. York City. 

Pelham A. C, New York Franklin A. C, Westches- 

City. ter, N. Y. 

Wanitas, New York City. Portchester A. C, Portches- 
Nassaus, New York City. ter, N. Y. 

Played at Loughlin Lyceum. North Henry and Herbert 
streets, Brooklyn, N. Y., on Monday and Friday evenings, 
starting February 15, 1907. 

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15. 

Wanderers 25 Pelham A. C 6 

Franklin A. C 17 Yorkvilles 9 

Wanitas 50 Portchester A. C 12 

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18. 

St. Christopher Alerts... 18 Nassaus 12 

Wanitas 24 Yorkvilles 15 

Franklin A. C 62 I'ortchester A. C 23 

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22. 

Wanderers 29 Nassaus 11 

St. Christopher Alerts... 19 Pelham A. C 13 

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25. 

St. Christopher Alerts... 22 Wanderers 10 

Pelham A. C 21 Nassaus 8 

Wanitas 2 Franklin A. C 

FRIDAY, MARCH 1. 

Pelham A. C 22 Yorkvilles 14 

Wanderers 26 Franklin A. C 13 

MONDAY, MARCH 4. 

Wanitas 2 Nassaus 

Franklin A. C. 24 Pelham A. C 14 

Wanderers 36 Yorkvilles 21 

FRIDAY, MARCH 8. 

Wanitas 9 St. Christopher Alerts. . . 7 

■/ranklin A. C 20 Nassaus 18 



S>aOTEC!TlVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 39 



MONDAY MARCH 11 

St. Christopher Alerts. . , 24 Yorkvilles c 19 

Wanitas 29 Pelham A. C 6 

FRIDAY MARCH 15. 

Yorkvilles 2 Nassaus , 

St. Christopher Alerts.., 2 Franklin A. C 

THURSDAY. MARCH 14, at Second Signal Corps Armory, 
Wanitas 13 Wanderers 12 

The Portchester A. C. withdrew on account of illness of 
players after playing two games, and their games were 
thrown out. ^ 

On February 25 in the Franklin A. C.-Wanita game, D. 
Sutter, of the Franklin A. C, and McCullough, of the 
Wanitas, were disqualified for punching. Bible took Sut- 
ter's place and Carney, McCullough's. The game went on, 
and Spain, of the Franklin A. C, was disqualified for 
punching. The Franklin A. C. finished the half with four 
men, rot having another substitute available. They re- 
fused to continue in the second half and the game was 
forfeited to the Wanitas 2-0. The score at the end of 
the first half Avas : Wanitas, 19 ; Franklin A. C, 10. 

On March 4 the Nassau team appeared with but four 
men and the game was forfeited to Wanitas 2-0. 

On March 15, in the Yorkville-2sassau game, Fisher, of 
the Nassaus, was hurt and could not continue. The teams 
had played ten minutes of the second half, and the score 
stood Yorkville, 10; Nassau, 10. Not having an available 
substitute, the Nassaus forfeited to Yorkville, 2-0. 

On the same date the Franklin A. C. appeared with but 
two men, Deasy and Spain, and the game was forfeited 
to the St. Christopher Alerts, 2-0. 

The teams finished as follows : 

Won. Lost. 



Wanitas 6 

St. Christopher Alerts 5 1 

Wanderers 4 2,- 

Franklin A. C 3 3 

Pelham A. C 2 4 ' 

Yorkville 1 5 

Nassau 6 

Portchester A. C Withdrew. 



The Wanita-Franklin A. C. game was protested by the 
Franklin A. C., but protest was withdrawn. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 41 



The Wanita-St. Christopher Alerts game was protested 
by the St. Christopher Alerts, and after hearing the pro- 
test, the Championship Committee ruled to have the game 
stand as plaj^^ed. 

The Wanitas were declared Lightweight Champions of 
New York and eligible for Final Lightweight Champio-n- 
ship Tournament. 

Ligiitweiglit Championship Tournament of Brooklyn, 
liOng: Island and Staten Island, Under the 
Auspices of Second Signal Corps, N, G. N. Y, 

TEAMS. 

Second Signal Corps, Jrs., Cedars, Flushing. L. I. 

Brooklyn, N. Y. Peerless Five, College Point, 
NcAvkirk A. C, Brooklyn, L I. 

N. Y. Keystone A. C, Eltingville, 
Nameless Five, Brooklyn, S. I. 

N. Y. " Emeralds, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Played at Second Signal Corps N. G. N. Y. Armory, Dean 
street, near WashiJigton avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., on Tues- 
day and Thursday evenings, starting February 12, 1907. 

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12. 

Second Signal Corps.... 24 Newkirk A. C 13 

Nameless Five 48 Keystone A. C 9 

Emeralds 21 Cedars 7 

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14. 

Emeralds 27 Namch ss Five 18 

Peerle ss Five 80 Second Signal Corps. Jrs. 17 

Cedars 17 Newkirk A. C 12 

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19. 

Nameless Five 36 S(M' )n(l Signal Corps. Jrs. 14 

Peerless Five. 25 Kevstono A. C 19 

Emeralds 44 Newkirk A. C 4 

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21. 

Nameless Five 2 Newkirk A. C 

Keystone A. C 23 Second Signal Corps, Jrs. 6 

Cedars 15 Peerless Five 8 

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26. 

Nameless Five 20 Cedars 17 

Keystone A. C 2 Newkirk A. C 

Emeralds 42 Peerless Five 21 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 43 



THURSDAY FEBRUARY 28. 

Cedars 2 Second Signal Corps, Jrs. 

Emeralds 29 Keystone A. C 13 

Nameless Five 23 Peerless Five 13 

TUESDAY. MARCH 5. 

Peerless Five 2 Newkirk A. C 

Cedars , 18 Keystone A. C 10 

Emeralds 43 Second Signal Corps, Jrs. 13 

On February 21 the Newkirk A. C. failed to appear 
against the Nameless Five and the game was declared 
forfeited to the Nameless Five, 2-0. 

The Newkirk A. C. then withdrew upon advice of the 
Chairman of the Championship Committee and their re- 
maining games were forfeited to their opponents. 

On February 28 the Second Signal Corps, Jrs., failed to 
appear against the Cedars and said game was forfeited to 
the Cedars, 2-0. 

The teams finished as follows ; 

Won. Lost. 

Emeralds 6 

Nameless Five 5 1 

Cedars 4 2 

Peerless Five 3 3 

Keystone A. C 2 4 

Second Signal Corps, Jrs 1 5 

Newkirk A. C 6 

There were no protests in the Brooklyn. Uong Island 
and Staten Island Lightweight Championship Tournament. 

The Emeralds, having a clear title, were declared Light- 
weight Champions of Brooklyn, Long Island and Staten 
Island and eligible for the Final Lightweight Champion- 
ship Tournament. 

Lig^htwelght Championship Tournament of New Jersey. 

TEAMS. 

Diamond Five, Jersey City, Crescent Juniors, Paterson, 

N. J. N. J. 

Diamond Juniors, Jersey Rubber Five, Paterson, N. J. 

City, N. J. Kennawah Club, Hoboken, 

St. John's Institute, Jersey N. J. 

City, N. J. Association Five, Newark, 

N. J. 




EGBERT THOMPSON, 
Tournament Official. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 



45 



Played at People's Palace, Bergen avenue and Forrest 
street, Jersey City, N. J., on Wednesday and Saturday even- 
ings, starting February 13, 1907. 

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 13. 

Association Five 30 Kennawah Club 17 

Diamond Juniors 28 Rubber Five 9 

Crescent Juniors 8 St. John's Institute o 7 

SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 16 

St. John's Institute 21 Diamond Five 20 

Association Five 14 Crescent Juniors 13 

Diamond Juniors 20 Kennawah Club 9 

W^EDXESDAY, FEBRUARY 20. 

Diamond Juniors 22 Kennawah r inl*. ....... 20 

Diamond Five 44 St. John's Iiisiitute. „. . . . iO 

Crescent Juniors 36 Rubber Five 9 

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23 

Diamond Five 15 Assooiation Five 11 

Rubber Five 2 St. Jolin's Institute...... 

Crescent Juniors 35 Diamond Juniors = 5 

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 27. 

Diamond Five 2 Ko'inawali Club C 

Crescent Juuiors 26 Rubber Five 12 

Association Five 14 Diamond Juuiors 13 

SATURDAY, MARCH 2. 

Diamond Five 21 Diauiond Juniors 19 

Rubber Five 16 Keuuawali Club 14 

St. John's Institute 20 Asseeiatiou Five., 13 

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 6. 

St. John's Institute 2 Kennawah Club 

Association Five... IT Ruober Five 16 

Diamond Five 26 Crescent Juniors 14 

On February 23 St. John's Institute, having most of 
its team ill and unable to play, was compelled to forfeit 
to the Rubber Five. 

On February 27 the Kennawah Club failed to appear 
and the game was forfeited to the Diamond Five. 

On March 6 the same team failed to appear against the 
St. John's Institute and the game was forfeited to that 
team. 



THOMAS H. SMITH, 

Chief Official. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL, 47 



The teams finished as follows : 

Won, Lost. 

Diamond Five ...... o ^ = 5 1 

Crescent Juniors . .... ......... , , . . . . 4 2 

Association Five. . . . . 4 2 

Diamond Juniors 3 3 

St. John^s Institute. 3 3 

Rubber Five. 2 4 

Kennawah Club = 6 

No protests were received on the New Jersey Light- 
weight Championship and the Diamond Five, Lightweight 
Champions of 1905-06, having a clear title, were declared 
the New Jersey Lightweight Champions and eligible for 
the Final Lightweight Championship Tournament. 

Final Lightweight Tournament. 

TEAMS. 

Emeralds, Champions of Brooklyn, Long Islai I and Staten 
Island. 

Diamond Five, Champions of New Jersey. 
Wanitas. Champions of New York. 
Rippo^\'ams, Champions of Connecticut. 

Heavyweight Tournament. 

Knickerbocker Five, New Xenia A. A., Hoboken. N. J. 

York Citv. Second Signal Coips, Bmok- 

St. Thomas A. C, New lyn, N. Y. 

York City. Loughlin Lyceum, Brooklyn, 

Lauter Five, Jersey City, N. Y. 

N. J. Ariel F. C, Woodside, L. I. 

Played at People's Palace. Bergen avenue and Forrest 
street, Jersey City, N. J., on Saturday evenings, and at 
Second Signal Corps Armory, Dean street, near Washing- 
ton avenue. Brooklyn, N. Y., on Tuesday and Thursday 
evenings, starting Saturday. March 23, 1907. 

SATURDAY, MARCH 23, at People's Palace. 

Lauter Five 19 Xenia A. A 7 

Knickerbocker A. C 23 St. Thomas A. C 10 

Loughlin Lyceum 40 Ariel F, C 9 

TUESDAY, APRIL 2, at Second Signal Corps Armory. 

Second Signal Corps..... 26 Ariel F. C 14 

Loughlin Lyceum 2 St. Thomas A. C 

Emeralds, Brooklyn Diamond Five, N. J. 

Champions 16 Champions 14 



GEORGE P. SPINDLER, 
Tournament Official. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 49 



THURSDAY, APRIL 4, at Second Signal Corps Armory. 

Knickerbocker A. C..... 32 Second Signal Corps.... 17 

Xenia A. A 25 Ariel F. C 23 

Lauter Five 2 St. Thomas A. C 

SATURDAY, APRIL 6, at People's Palace. 

Lauter Five 2 Loughlin Lyceum 

Knickerbocker Five 17 Xenia A. A 9 

Wanitas, N. Y^. Cham- Rippowams, Connecticut 

pions 20 Champions 10 

TUESDAY, APRIL 9, at Second Signal Corps Armory. 

Loughlin Lyceum. „ 34 Second Signal Corps.... 12 

Ariel F. C 2 St. Thomas A. C 

Lauter Five 13 Knickerbocker Five 6 

THURSDAY, APRIL 11, at Second Signal Corps Armory, 

Second Signal Corps 2 St. Tliomas A. C 

Loughlin Lyceum 33 XcDi.i A. A 18 

Diamond Five, X. J. Wanitas, X. Y. Cham- 
Champions , 2 pions 

SATURDAY, APRIL 13, at People's Palace. 

Lauter Five 50 Ariel F. C 6 

Xenia A. A 2 St. Thomas A. (' 

Diamond Fi^ e, X. J. Rippowams, Connecticut 

Champions 33 Champions 21 

TUESDAY, APRIL IG, at Second Signal Corps Armory. 

Second Signal C(tri)S 2 Xenia A. A 

Loughlin Lyceum 19 Knickerbocker Five 16 

Emeralds, P>'klyM T^ham- Rippovrams. Connecticut 

pions ,o 2 Champions 

THURSDAY, AI'RIL 18, at Second Signal Corps Armory. 

Lauter Five 29 Second Signal Corps 5 

Knickerbocker Five '2 Ariel F. C U 

Wanitas, X. Y. Cham- Emeralds, B'klyn Cham- 
pions . o = o 11 pions 7 

On Tuesday, April 2, in the Loughlin Lyceum-St. Thomas 
A. Co game, Ruck(>rt, of the latter team, threw his arm 
out and the game was forfeited to Loughlin Lyceum, 2-0. 
The teams had played one half and the score stood 
Loughlin Lyceum, 14 ; St. Thomas A. C, 6. Xot having 
an available substitute, the St. Thomas A. C. withdrew 
from the tournament and their remaining games were 
declared forfeited. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 51 



On the same evening in the first game of the Final 
Lightweight Tournament, the Diamond Five, Lightweight 
Champions ol New Jersey, and the Emeralds, Lightweight 
Champions cf Brooklyn, Long Island and Staten Island, 
were tied at the expiration of playing time with the score 
14 all. The Emeralds won after an extra period of five 
minutes. 

On April 6 in the Lauter Five-Loughlin Lyceum game, 
with the score 23-12 in favor of the Lauter Five, and 
with three minutes to pla^", an excited rooter rushed upon 
the court and me great crowd of spectators, believing 
that the game was over, swarmed upon the floor. The 
referee, Mr. Arthur Cameron, asked the timekeeper, Mr. 
Herbert Evans, if time had expired, and upon l)eiug in- 
formed to the contrary, he immediately ordered the teams 
to line up. Mr. Joseph Reydel, manager of the Loughlin 
Lyceum team, refused to biing liis team upon the floor, 
claiming that they had donned their street clothes. The' 
Chairman of the Cliampionship Committee, knoAving that 
It was impossible for the Loughlin Lyceum team to make 
such a "liglitniug cliauge" in such a short space of time, 
also requested Mr. Leydel to lia\e his team play out the 
game, but Mr. Keydel was (>b(birate and refused. After 
allowing the necessary three minutes, and more, the Lauter 
Five having their full team upon the floor, Mr. Cameron, 
the referee, ordered them t') line up and he then tossed 
the ball up at center, the Laut(>r Five scoring a goal, 
and as the Loughlin Lyccuim team failed to appear, de- 
clared the game forfeited to Lauter Five, 2-0. The game 
was protested by Mr. Joseph Reydel, manager of the 
Loughlin Lyceum team, and at a meeting of the Cham- 
pionship Committee held at Emanon Club, 337 West Fif- 
tieth street. :Manhattan, the committee ruled that Mr. 
Re.vdel had no grounds for a protest. 

On x\pril 11 in the Wanita -Diamond Five game. Fiske 
of the Wanitas was found to be four pounds over weight. 
After the heroic effort of a hard run. Fiske tipped the 
scales at 158 pounds. The Chairman of the Championship 
Committee then informed the managers and captains of 
both teams that the game could not be played as a cham- 
pionship contest. Mr. Brown, acting manager, and Mr. 
Arrison, captain, of the Diamond Five team, declared that 




JOS. BERNSTEIN, 
Donor of the Bernstein Cup. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 53 



they would waive the weight question and desired the 
game to count as ^ championship game. The Chairman of 
the Championship Committee permitted the game to be 
played with the understanding that the contest should 
be reported as a game forfeited to Diamond Five and 
that as such it should be reported to the Association for 
fiual action. In conjunction with this it may be stated 
that the Emerald team would enter no protest against said 
game, and if the tournam"nt is awarded to the Wanitas on 
said gauie, they, the Emcruld team, will cheerfully abide 
by the decision of the Association. 

On April 16 the Xenia A. A. appeared for their game 
against the Second Signal Corjjs tea.iii with but four men 
and .forfeited to the Second Signal ("orits. 2-0. 

On the same date Ilay. (ciiTer of tlic Kippowams, was 
found to be three pounds oxer weight. The Rippowams 
started the game with Morrison playing center and when 
the score in the first half stood 14 to in favor of the 
Emeralds, Mr. McGuinnes, manager of the Rippowams, for- 
feited the game and put in Hay to finish the contest as 
an exhibition game. The final score was Emeralds, 40 ; 
Rippowams, KJ. 

On February IS tlie Ariel Field Club, in order to catch 
a train, forfeit(Ml to the Kn i(kcr])ocker Five, 2-0. 

The tean..^ finished as follows: 



Hea^-^'woiftiit Class. 

Won. Lost. 

Lauter Five 

Lorighlin Eyc(Mim 5 1 

Kiiickerbockcr Fn e 4 2 

Second Sigiial Corps 3 3 

Xenia A. A 2 4 

Ariel F. C 1 5 

St. Thomas A. C. 6 

The Eauter Five are declared Heavyweight Champions 
of the Protective Basketball and Athletic Association of the 
Eastern States for the season 1!)()(V07. L(nighlin Lyceum, 



second place and Knickerbocker Five, third place. 

The committee awaits decision of the general body be- 
fore awarding the Lightweight Championship. 

In accordance with a motion made, seconded and carried 
at a general meeting of the Protective Basketball and Ath- 




WILLIAM WALSH, 
Tournament Official. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. SS 



letic Association of tlie Eastern States, tield at tlie Einanon 
Club, 337 West Fiftieth street, Manliattan, on Tuesday even- 
ing, April 23, 1907, the Championship Committee declared 
the Wanitas Lightweight Champions, Emeralds second, and 
Diamond Five third. 

Final Score Lightweight Class. 

Won. Lost. 

Wanitas 3 

Emeralds 2 1 

Diamond Five 1 2 

Rippowams 3 

REC03I31ENDATIONS. 

The committee recommends that a vote of thanks be ex- 
tended to Messrs. George S. Dayton & Co. for so kindly 
furnishing balls and schedules used in the tournament. 

That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Cliarh^s Wright, 
of the Lauter Piano Company, for his kindness in furnish- 
ing schedules. 

That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. A. Yager, 
sporting editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, for his kind- 
ness in furnishing score cards and for the publication of 
facts relative to the tournament. 

That a vote of thanks be extended to Rev. John L. 
Scudder of the Peoph^'s Palace and Captain Bigelow of 
the Second Company Signal Corps, for the kind and cour- 
teous treatment extended to the competitors in the tour- 
nament. 

That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Thomas H. 
Smith, chief otiiciai and his staff of assistants, Messrs. 
Thompson. McWade. Spindler, Walsh, Cameron, Bruggeman, 
Hoag and Goate for services rendered. 

That a vote of thanks be extended to the following : 
Mr. John D. Russell, scorekeeper ; Messrs. Herbert Jvans, 
John K. Moors, J. Newkirk and C. Palmer, timekeepers ; 
Messrs. H. Chevanney, Clyde N. Rickard and John K. 
Moors, weighers : Mr. J. Nelson Clinch, floor marshal : 
Messrs. Theo. C. Jung and A. H. Delfaus«e, printing and 
press 

Inasmuch as there were a number of teams competing 
that were outclassed and had practically no chance, the 



E. B. GOATE, 
Tournament Official. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATlOir BASKETBALL. 57 



committee deems it advisable that in future tournaments 
some plan be devised to ascertain a team's championship 
qualifications before accepting its entry. 

We further recommend that not more than two games 
be played on one night. 

We recommend that the rules committee introduce a rule 
to prevent any player from interfering with a pass-in from 
out of bounds. Tne habit of certain players to interfere 
with a pass-in retards the game and in many cases has 
been the cause of much dispute. 

The presentation of prizes took place at the Second 
Annual Dinner of tlie Protective Basketball and Athletic 
Association of the Eastern States, held at Reisenwel)er"s, 
Columbus Circle, New York City, on Saturday evening, May 
n, 1907. 

The Championship Committee, having performed its du- 
ties to the best of its ability, respectfull.T begs to be dis- 
charged. 

JAMES C. RUSSELL, 
THOMAS BIBLE, 
JOHN CLARK. 





CHARLES P. McWADE, 
Tournament Ofacial. 



OFFICIALS. 

Good, Bad and Indifferent. 

By GEORGE P. SPINDLER. 

While there may be a certain amount of truth in the 
remarli that officials are simply a necessary evil in a game 
of basket ball, the real truth of the matter is that the men 
who officiate at games are factors of prime importance ; for 
the very reason that it is in their power to make or spoil 
a game. The contesting teams can be of indifferent calibre 
and still, in the hands of a first-class set of officials, 
present a contest in which the interest will be sustained 
throughout, while in the hands of an indifferent set of 
officials the efforts of the best two teams in existence can 
be made a veritable farce and a source of weariness to the 
beholder. 

In the opinion of the writer this very important phase of 
the game has never received the consideration that it should, 
and many of the complications attril)uted to rules, old and 
new, have been the result not so much of faulty rules, as 
of the whims, peculiarities, misconceptions, etc., of the 
persons sent forth to officiate. 

In mentioning the desirable, and, in fact, indispensable 
qualities an official should possess, the primary essential 
would seem to be that he should know the game : he should 
also know the rules and be perfectly posted on the general 
and official interpretation thereof, and he should be one 
that is accustomed to handling games, for good officials 
are the result of long experience and training ; they do 
not spring into existence over night. 

Impartiality is equally important ; no referee or umpire 
should be in any way connected with either of the com- 
peting teams and, preferably, he should not be a person 
known to be on terms of intimacy with either team or any 
player thereon. An official may be a perfectly conscientious, 
honest man ; but if he is in the habit of handling games 
continually for any one team he insensibly becomes accus- 
tomed to that team's style of play and is more than likely 
to be influenced by it in his enforcement of the rules. 

In the case of a person who officiates at the home games 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 61 



of any particular team, receiving his expenses and perhaps 
a small bonus in addition for his services, it is nonsensical 
to expect that a strange visiting team will receiv^e the 
same consideration at his hands as the organization that 
practically employs him. 

Quickness is another indispensable attribute. The official 
should be a man capable of covering ground rapidly ; always 
keeping in the vicinity of the play while exercising due 
care not to get into the way of the players. Decisions 
should be quick, almost to the point of anticipation, espe- 
ciary in the case of an "out of bounds" and in forestalling 
if possible a tussle for a "held ball," which experience 
has demonstrated to be the origin of most of the roughing. 

An official who knows his business is usually strict but 
seldom severe ; his intelligence enables him to observe the 
difference between an accident and a violation, and his 
decisions are given as much with reference to the spirit 
as to the letter of the rules ; in addition he possesses the 
rare virtue of knowing when to refrain from blowing his 
whistle as well as when he ought to blow it, for. strange 
as it may seem, it is a recognized fact, and players and 
patrons of the game are beginning to realize that the 
cleanest games and best all-round results are not derived 
from the constant use of the whistle, which seems to have 
a tendency to interrupt the play, thus breaking up the 
team work and generating a feeling of irritation which 
manifests itself in the players roughing it up with one 
■ another, possibly for lack of opportunity to rough it up 
with the man with the whistle. 

Your ideal official, if there is such a thing, knows that 
there is no law compelling him to officiate if he doesn't 
want to ; consequently he knows what to expect when he 
assumes the position and is prepared for the various pleas- 
antries and other things which usually fall to the official's 
share. In most cases he will be found to be a business- 
like, unobtrusive sort of fellow, who simply gives his deci- 
sion and lets it go at that. Knowing that his duty lies 
mostly within the boundary lines he is utterly oblivious to 
the criticism or commendation of the spectators and treats 
them just about the same as though they were not present. 
He doesn't converse with or answer the questions of the 
inquisitive ones along the side lines and he never talks to 
the players or permits them to talk to him except as 
provided by rule. 




REV. JOHN L. SCUDDER, 
People's Palace, Jersey City, N. J. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 63 



All violations look alike to him ; he has no pet fouls, hut 
it will be noticed that he doesn't run amuck on "holding 
the ball to the chest" while losing sight of the surrepti- 
tious uppercut or the elbow in the solar plexus. He has 
as sharp an eye for a trip as he has for an extra step 
with the ball. He is not afraid to allow a goal that a team 
is entitled to or to refuse to allow a goal that a team is 
not entitled to, and he will not hesitate to disqualify a 
dirty player, even though people may not like it or one 
team is left to play the game out wnth four men. 

In the hands of this kind of an official players are at 
their best. The dirty player fears him and the clean player 
respects him, while each realizes that he is at liberty to 
play the best game that is in him as long as he confines 
himself to clean basket ball. You will not find many 
players taking any lil)Prties with him. 

No bluffing, trickcM-y or cnjolcry will induce this official 
to abate or overstep his authority. Don't ask him to decide 
any bets, for he knows that no rule ever gave any basket 
ball official that power, and in so doing he would be guilty 
of foolish intermeddling in the financial affairs of other 
people of which, as a good square official, he should know 
absolutely nothing. 

If it is found impossible to combine all these features of 
commission and omission in one personality, by all means 
beware of going to the other extreme and permitting 
freaks to handle games : if possible steer clear of tho fussy, 
conceited, self-important individual. He never makes a 
good official for the reason that in nine cases out of ten 
he will attempt to make himself the predominating feature 
of the game. It is difficult to make him understand that 
the spectators are present for any other reason than to see 
him officiate. His actions are governed by trifles, his deci- 
sions stupid or otherwise are infallible, and any attempt 
to question or explain is a personal affront. Forty minutes 
in the hands of such an official is guaranteed to make any 
two teams bitter enemies for life. 

The professional good fellow, "everybody's friend," is 
another huge mistake as an official. This gentleman having 
his own popularity to look after and wanting to stand 
well with both teams and everybody else, takes things easy 
and lets them fight it out. He wouldn't cause any hard 
feeling by strict decisions or calling any fouls. A highly 
edifying exhibition of go-as-you-please, Queensberry, catch- 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 65 



as-catch-can is the result, and at the end of the game the 
good fellow is still a good fellow perhaps, while the players 
retire to nurse their injuries for weeks to coroe. 

Another good proposition to avoid is the man who knows 
the rules without knowing the game. It makes very little 
difference to him whether a foul has heen committed or 
not ; he is there to blow his whistle and blow it he will ; 
he is the official in the game and everybody must know 
it. He knows the rules and in order that all may under- 
stand this he keeps the whistle working overtime : the 
game is chopped to pieces by these tactics, and the official, 
if he doesn't happen to become involved in a row himself, 
generally manages to involve somebody el^'e in one : result — 
general dissatisfaction, and a miseral)le exhil)ition all round. 

While the dishonest official is too contcmiitible an objocr 
to merit any attention, it can do no harm to observe that 
he only exists through the apparent willingness of basket 
ball players to stand for him. Let one or two teams insist 
that he cannot handle any game in which they are sched- 
uled to participate ; not hesitating to walk off the floor if 
an attempt is made to force an objectionable man as 
referee or umpire, and he will soon be found among the 
missing at decent games. It may take a lot of nerve and 
resolution to do this, but a desperate case calls for an 
equally desperate remedy, and the cnse of an official who 
steals or tries to steal a game appears to the writer to be 
bad enough to warrant almost any action. 

TTiese few comments on the official question are the ob- 
servations of a player who in the course of ten years' 
experience has had ample opportunity to take notes on the 
subject and may be taken for what they are worth. Some 
presumably well-informed persons declare that the opinions 
of players are of no special value, being often formed under 
stress of excitement. Be that as it may, the writer is 
willing to go on record as saying that a player's opinion has 
a value at least equal to that of anybody connected with 
the game, and if chance to observe and experience is of any 
use, it is fair to assume that a player's views may at times 
rank a step in advance of the ordinary run. At all events 
let us have honest, logical, efficient officials, and if this is 
to be accomplished it is the players who must do the work, 
nobody else seeming to have devoted any time or thought 
to this vitally important subject. 



HINTS ON HANDLING A TEAM. 



Various managers make use of various methods in the 
handling of their teams and results are the only criterion of 
these methods. 

A manager to prove a success in basket ball must have 
the material to put up first-class ball ; that is, he must 
have a team physically fit to withstand the hard knocks 
and rough usage of the game. 

When he has collected a team of this calibre, it is his 
next duty to keep them in the very best of condition by 
being alive to all the aches and ailments of each and 
every player and he must constitute himself an amateur 
doctor and immediately provide relief for the ailing ; for 
the bruise left unattended will slacken the speed of a man ; 
cuts or sores will be favored to the detriment of the player's 
ability, and a cough, cold or pain will take the spirit out 
of the best-playing member of a team and his game will 
become mediocre. If a manager is to have his team playing 
championship ball they must be physically fit. It is wise 
for the manager to next introduce into his team the spirit 
of good fellowship. There should be no discrimination, one 
man being as good as the other, and all united with the 
one view in general, "the success of the team." 

A manager should respect the opinions of his team, treat 
them as companions, at the same time maintaining the 
dignity of his position, and he should not frown upon the 
little jokes that plaj-ers will spring upon each other ; how- 
ever, he should not countenance boisterous conduct that is 
intended for annoyance of other individuals, and any ten- 
dency to leave the straight and narrow path should imme- 
diately call for the manager's prompt and effective action ; 
and while we are on this subject : the manager should be 
very careful not to permit himself to be the offender and 
should always remember that example is better than precept. 

Having a team physically fit and filled with the proper 
team spirit, it is the manager's next duty to develop team 
work. Each and every member of the team should be made 
to understand that individual or "gallery play" will not 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 69 



be tolerated, but that on the floor a man has his work to 
perform, and that work does not consist in standing idly 
, under a basket waiting for the ball, while his four team 
mates are endeavoring to secure possession of the ball from 
the opposing five; to stand under a basket and be "fed" 
may help the individual's record, but this team will never 
become a success on that style of play and a good manager 
will never permit it. The team should be taught that five 
second-rate men working in unison and running through 
their plays like well-drilled soldiers will pro^e more than 
a match for five stars lacking in team work. In order to 
develop this team work a manager should provide his team 
with ample practice and should never permit this practice 
to lag, but should conduct it with the earnestness and 
snap of a championship contest. Each man should be com- 
pelled to play Ids game with all the speed and ability at his 
command and the fact that it is a practice game should be 
no excuse for "loafing" upon the part of any man. It is in 
this practice that signal work and trick plays may be 
perfected. The manager now has a team physically fit, 
filled with the proper team spirit and well drilled in the 
science of the game. 
Now for the games. 

An astute manager will not send his team along the line, 
meeting in rapid succession what is known as "rough house" 
teams, but will endeavor to sandwich in the easy games 
with the hard ones, and this will give his team a chance 
to recuperate and be in fairly good shape for the next hard 
game; there is a great demand upon the energy of the 
person jtlaying, and the most carefully formulated rules will 
nev^r eliminate the chances of hard knocks or injury. It 
is therefore wise, in the opinion of the writer, not to sub- 
ject one's team to too many gruelling contests in rapid 
succession, but to give them a chance to patch up the 
bruises and cuts received in courts unfit for the playing of 
the game, but where, unfortunately, teams are compelled 
to play. 

In arranging games it behooves the manager to be decent ; 
meet the other party half way: don't be a "hog" and insist 
upon everything; at the same time it is not wisdom for 
any manager to allow his team to be imposed upon. It is 
well to settle upon rules, officials, etc., before the contest 
so that there will be no disputes upon the floor, .while the 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 71 



spectators are stamping in their impatience for the game 
to begin. Have your team upon the floor on schedule time, 
as many a manager, when the hour for play has come 
around and no team appears, grows gray w^ith worry over 
what has the appearance of a "stand-up." The spectators 
in many instances blame the innocent management and 
threaten to remove their patronage, and all in all the home 
team's manager's lot is not a very happy one. So be on 
time. 

Don't ever teach a team to beat up their opponents. A 
basket ball game does not consist of one team's ability to 
work injury upon the opposing five, and the "rough house" 
artist is a detriment to the ,'^ame and should be discouraged; 
besides if a player is attending to his business his thoughts 
will be on the ball, how to obtain possession of it and keep 
it in his team's possession, and how to progress it so as 
to reach a spot where a goal may be tried for with advan- 
tage. He will play the ball, not the man- 

From your team demand discipline — "and get it." Don't 
ever permit your team to handle affairs in their own peculiar 
style, but run the team according to your own judgment, 
and if you are capable of the position you occupy, your 
judgment should be law. If a player will not be subjected 
to discipline, put him on the side lines until his brain 
acts properly. If he proves to be an obstinate man to 
handle and "warming the bench" has no effect upon him, 
drop him for the good of the team ; he is a mischief maker 
and will sow seeds of discontent in the team. 

Tlie honest manager can, by his conduct, do much for 
the game of basket ball, which should be, and will be, the 
most fascinating of indoor winter sports. If he is called 
upon to make sacrifice for the good of the game he should 
not look at the situation with motives personal or selfish, 
but should consider the welfare of the game. 

Never handle a "phoney" or "fake" team; never book 
games with such teams ; and do all in your power to elim- 
inate this menace to "our" game. Don't try to do business 
with but five men ; have your two substitutes and make 
them part of your team. A manager can never discover 
the real worth of a player by keeping him on the side 
lines. 

Develop a couple of good foul goal shooters ; while 
there is little satisfaction in winning a game from the 
foul line, an extraordinary strict oflicial may necessitate 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 73 



such a course, and if the manager has upon his team a 
man or two who can drop foul goals' with any degree of 
certainty, he will never be obliged to exclaim, "Well, my 
team played the better floor game, but lost through their 
inability to shoot fouls." Make it the duty of one or 
two particular players to attend to this part of the game 
and have them well drilled. 

In concluding this article the writer deems it advis- 
able for every basket ball team to affiliate with some recog- 
nized association that controls the game and can offer 
it protection. 

RUI.E 1. 
Court. 

Section 1. The game of basket ball may be played on 
any rectangalar area, free from obstruction, the boundary 
lines of which shall not include more than 3,500 square feet. 

Boundary Lines. 

Sec. 2. The four sides of the court shall be marked by 
a well-defined line which at no point shall be less than 
three feet from the nearest obstruction or row of spectators. 
The lines on the short side of the court shall be known as 
the end lines, and those on the long sides the side lines. 
(Note diagram on opposite page.) 

Circle. 

Sec. 3. A circle 4 feet in diameter, known as the center 
eircle, shall be marked in the center of the court. . (Note 
diagram on opposite page.) 

Foul Line. 

Sec. 4. Lines one-half inch in width shall be drawn 
across the court from side line to side line, parallel to, 
and 20 feet from the end lines, and shall be known as 
the foul lines. (Note diagram on opposite page.) 

Changes. 

Sec. 5. By mutual agreement of the captains, Section 
1, and the distance of the boundaries from obstructions 
named in Section 2, may be changed. 

When the game is played in a cage, the dimensions of 
the cage shall not be more than sixty-five feet long by 



Diagram of Basket Ball Court and correct way to line up 



I 

End Line " ; not more than 50 feet 
I 

o 

Goal 

Left Forward" Right Forward" 

o o 

'Foul Line"; twenty feet from "End Line" 
Center Circle 




Four feet in diameter 
Fcul Line " ; twenty feet from End Line" 

o o 

^'Left Guard" "Right Guard" 

Goal 

o 

I 

"End Lme; " not more than 50 feet 
I 



Playing Rules of The Protective 
Basketball and Athletic Associ= 
ation of the Eastern States. 

RULE 1. 
Court. 

Section 1. The game of l)askotl)all may ho i)lnyo(l on any 
rectangular area, free from oltstnir-tion, the Ixnuidary lines 
of which shall not inclnde more than 3,5UU S(iuare feet. 

Boiimlary Lines. 

Sec. 2. The fonr sides of the conrt shall be marked by a 
well-defined line which at no point shall be less tlian three 
feet from the nearest ohstrnction or row of sitcctators. The 
lines on the short side of the conrt shall Im- known as the 
end lines, and those on the long sides tlic side lines. (Note 
diagram on opposite page.) 

Circle. 

Sec. 3. A circle 4 foot in diann'tcr, known as the center 
circle, shall be marked in the center of the conrt. (Note 
diagram on opposite page.) 

Foul Line. 

Sec. 4. Lines one-half inch in width shall be drawn 
across the conrt from side line to side line, parallel to, and 
20 feet from the end lines, and shall be known as the foul 
lines. (Note diagram on opposite page.) 

Change St. 

Sec. 5. Ey mntnal agreement of the captains, Section 
1, and the distance of the boundaries from obstructions 
named in Section 2 may be changed. 

When the game is played in a cage the dimensions of 
the cage shall not be more than sixty-five feet long by 
thirty-five feet wide. The sides of the cage shall not be 
less than eleven feet in height, the corners should bo round 




1 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 77 



and the entire structure kept in first-class condition. No 
team shall claim a game by forfeit because of its opponents 
refusing to play in a cage not in proper condition. 

RULE 2. 
The Ball. 

Section 1. The ball shall be spherical. It shall consist 
of a rubber bladder covered with a leather case. It shall 
not be less than tliirtj^ nor more than thirty-two inches in 
circumference. It shall weigh not less than eighteen nor 
more than twenty ounces. The ball must be provided by 
the home team. It must be tightly inflated, and laced so 
that it cannot be held by the lacing, and must be in good 
condition. The liome team shall likewise pi'ovide the visit- 
ing team with a regulation ball in good condition and prop- 
erly inflated for practice. 

Sec. 2. Any ball of standard make, conforming to the 
above requirements, may be used in match games. In cham- 
pionship games the ball selected by the championship com- 
mittee shall be the oflicial hall. 

RULE 3. 
Baskets. 

Section 1. The goals shall be hammock nets of cord 
suspended from metal rings eighteen iiiclios in diameter, 
inside measurement. The rings sliall be placed ten feet 
above the floor in the cent(>r of tlie short side of the court. 
The ins'de rim must extend twelve inches from the back- 
board, as provided f(n* in Section 2 of this rule. 

Backboard. 

Sec. 2. The backboard, which is provided more as a 
barrier to the ball going out of bounds while trying for a 
goal than as an assistance in carroming the ball into the 
basket, shall consist of any solia material that is perma- 
nently flat, perpendicular and rigid, and shall measure at 
least six feet horizontally and four feet vertically, and ex- 
tend not less than three feet above the top of the basket. 

RULE 4. 
Teams. 

Section 1. Each team shall consist of five men and two 
substitutes. 

Sec. 2. Every player must be a member of the organiza- 
tion he represents. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 79 



Sec. 3. At any time during ttie game a substitute may 
take tlie place of any player, but said player upon leaving 
the game cannot re-enter it. 

Sec. 4. In no championship or match games shall any 
player of one team act as substitute on any other team. 

Sec. 5. Every team shall adopt uniforms for its players, 
and the suits of each team shall conform in color and 
style. No player who shall appear in a uniform not con- 
forming to the suits of the other members of his team shall 
be permitted to take part in the game. 

Sec, 6. No player shall be permitted to use a wrist 
guard of leather, or any other hard and unyielding ma- 
terial. A player may protect his wrist by a bandage con- 
sisting of not more than three thicknesses of cotton or four 
thicknesses of gauze, which may be held in place by not 
more than two thicknesses of adhesive tape or a light 
rubber bandage. The cotton or gauze shall be wound about 
the wrist in a perfectly dry c(rndition. Under no circum- 
stances will wet or moist bandages be permitted. 

No player shall be ix rmitted to Avear a ring while play- 
ing and upon going into a game any player may, upon re- 
quest of an ofhcial, be compelled to trim liis linger nails 
down to such a length that they will not intlict scratches 
or other injury upon an opponent, 

RULE 5. 
Officials. 

Section 1. The officials shall be a referee, an umpire, 
two scorers and two timekeepers. 

The Referee. 

Sec. 2. The referee is the superior officer of the game 
and shall decide all questions not under the jurisdiction of 
the other officials and all questions not covered by the 
rules. He shall have the power to impose all penalties and 
may order any player, captain or manager to perform or 
refrain from any action that he may deem necessary or 
prejudicial to the proper enforcement of the laws of the 
game, and there shall be no appeal from any legal decision 
of the referee on any point covered by the rules. 

Sec. 3. The referee shall be the sole judge of the ball 
and shall decide Avhen it is in play, when dead, when out 
of bounds, to which side it belongs and when a goal has 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 81 



been scored. His term of office shall extend from the time 
the game begins until it is concluded. He must then give 
his decision awarding the game without delay and his 
jurisdiction shall end then and there. 

Sec. 4. The signal to commence, stop or resume play 
shall be the referee's whistle. He shall blow the whistle 
to call time, to award ball on an out of bounds, to stop 
wrestling: for the ball (held ball), to start play, in case of 
sickness or injury, to call a foul wnich must be supple- 
mented by indicating the offender and an announcement of 
the nature of the foul sufficiently loud to be heard by both 
the offender and scorekeeper, and at the request of the 
captain of either team; the last being discretionary in order 
that delay of the game may not result from either captain 
resorting to dilatory tactics. 

Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the referee to see that 
the regulations relating to court, spectators, ball and goals 
are rigidly lived up to. Upon request by both captains he 
may permit alterations in the rules relating to grounds or 
time, but in no other particular shall the rules be altered 
or modiified. 

Sec. 6. The referee must keep in the vicinity of the 
play and must at all times remain upon his feet while the 
game is going on. 

Sec. 7. Under no circumstances shall the referee render 
any decision relative to a bet or wager on the outcome of 
any game, and if the fact is established that the referee 
has any previous knowledge of such bet or wager it shall 
be deemed sufficient grounds for declaring said referee in- 
eligible to officiate in that game or any game played there- 
after under Association jurisdiction. 

RULE 6. 
Umpire. 

Section 1. The umpire's duties are limited to deciding 
whether a foul has been committed or not and imposing 
penalty for same. He shall call fouls for all violations of 
the rules, blowing his whistle upon each occasion, indicating 
the offending payer and announcing the nature of the foul 
loud enough to be heard by the scorers. His decisions, if 
confined to the rules, shall not be questioned by the referee. 
The umpire shall not infringe upon the duties of the referee 
in any manner, and he is not permitted to call those fouls 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 83 



which come within the special province of the referee. The 
umpire shall at all times remain standing, and it shall be 
his special duty to see that Rule 13, Sec. 8, is not violated. 

Sec. 2. If, in the opinion of the umpire, a foul has been 
committed, which involves the disqualification of a player, 
he may demand the removal of that player from the game, 
and the referee shall, upon such request, remove the 
offending player without delay. 

Sec. 3. Fouls may be called at any time up to the ex- 
piration of time at the end of either half, for violations 
committed either in or out of bounds, including such periods 
as when the game may be temporarily stopped. Fouls may 
be called on any number of players at the same time, and 
should a player foul more than once in one play fouls shall 
be called for each violation. 

Sec. 4. When two or more whistles sound at the same 
time the official's whistle calling a foul shall take 
precedence. 

RULE 7. 

Section 1. Each team shall submit the name of its official 
to the other for approval at least five days in advance 
of the game and such selections if approved shall V)e final; 
changes can only be made with the consent of both teams, 
and the team neglecting to notify the othor of its selection 
shall forfeit its right to appoint an ofiicial. 

Sec. 2. The official of the home team and the official of 
the visiting team shall alternate: each serving one half 
as referee and one half as umiiire. The order in which 
they officiate to be mutually agreed upon or decided by the 
toss of a coin. 

Sec. 3. In championships the chief official appointed 
by the championship connnittee shall select his staff of 
referees, umpires, timekeepers and scorers. 

RULE 8. 
Timekeepers. 

Section 1. The captains or managers of the opposing 
teams shall each appoint a timekeeper; the timekeepers ap- 
pointed shall sit together and shall use one watch which 
shall constantly remain in view of both timekeepers. They 
shall note when the game starts and shall blow a whistle 
or strike a gong at the expiration of each half. Time 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 85 



consumed by stoppage during the game shall be deducted 
only by order of the referee. 

Sec. 2. In the event of any difference of opinion arising 
between the timekeepers, the subject shall be instantly sub- 
mitted to the referee, who shall decide the same forthwith. 

RULE 9. 
Scorers. 

Section 1. The captains or managers of the opposing 
teams shall each appoint a scorer; the scorers shall sit 
together and may divide the actual work of scoring in such 
a manner as may be agreeable to both parties. One score 
book, furnished by the homo team, shall be the official score 
book and it shall constantly remain in view of both score- 
keepers. 

Sec. 2. Prior to the commencement of the game, the 
scorers shall enter the correct line-up of the npiiosing teams 
and other particulars in the otficial ^covv book and shall 
keep score according to Protective Association Knl(>s. 

Sec. 8. No entry shall bo made in the othcial score book 
without the consent of l)oth scorers; if unable to agree 
the scorers shall instantly suiu])it the entry in dispute to 
the referee, who shall innnodiately decide same. 

Sec. 4. A blackboard, if used, shall })o regarded solely 
as a means of announcing the score to the sj^ectators, and 
under no circumstances shall the score on the board differ 
from the score in the official score book. The referee may 
order the score on the board corrected at any time during 
the game. 

RULE 10. 
Captains. 

Section 1. Captains, who must be players in the game, 
shall be appointed by each team, and they shall be the 
sole representatives of their respective teams. They alone 
shall be permitted to address the officials and then only in 
reference to subjects relating to the rules; they must notify 
the referee of any substitution in the line-up of their team 
and any failure to do so shall constitute a foul. They 
shall furnish the scorekeepers with a list of the names 
of their players and their positions and toss for choice of 
goals before the ball is put in play at the start of the 
game. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 87 



RULE 11. 

Section 1. The game shall consist of two twenty-minute 
halves, actual playing time, with an intermission of ten 
minutes between halves. By mutual agreement of the 
captains time may be shortened. In championships all 
changes in time shall be made by the championship com- 
mittee. 

Sec. 2. x\.fter the first half the teams shall change goals. 

Sec. 3. The line-up for play shall be as per diagram. 
Centers about to jump for the ball shall stand with both 
feet inside ^he circle, while forwards and guards shall not 
line up at any point nearer to center than the foul line, 
which shall not be crossed until the signal to start play is 
given. 

Sec. 4. The referee shall put the ball in play by tossing 
it in a line perpendicular to the tioor to a height of not 
less than ten nor more than twelve feet, so that it will drop 
between the tAvo center men in the center circle. This shall 
be repeated after each goal is scored, at the beginning of 
the second half, and after the ball has been declared dead. 
When on the toss-up the ball has reached its greatest 
height the referee shall blow his whistle and the sound of 
the whistle shall be the signal to start play. 

Sec. 5. The referee shall impose a foul upon any player 
who delays the game by neglecting or refusing to line up 
according to rule, or who shifts his position contra rj^ to 
regulation. A foul shall likewise be called by either ref- 
eree or umpire on any player who interferes with the ball 
during its upward course; or who interferes with his oppo- 
nent while jumping. 

Sec. 6. The ball must first be touched or batted by one 
or both of the centers; or it may be caught by either. If 
touched out of bounds on the jump, it shall go back to 
center and again be put in play. 

Sec. 7. When the ball is put in play, in any other part 
of the court, as in a held ball, after time o\it, etc., the play- 
ers who are to jump for the ball must stand not further 
than two feet from the spot indicated by the referee. 

Sec. 8. The ball may be thrown, passed, batted or 
dribbled in any direction with one or both hands; but it 
shall be a foul to kick the ball or strike it with the closed 
fist. 



VALENCIA A. C. TEAM OF GREENPOINT, N. Y. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 89 



Sec. 9. A ball held by two or more players shall be 
termed a held ball. The referee shall not permit these 
players, to hold or wrestle for possession of the ball, but 
shall blow the whistle instantly and put the ball back into 
play by tossing it up as prescribed in Section 4, causing 
the two men who held the ball to Jump for it. 

Sec. 10. When for any other cause time is taken out 
the game shall be resumed by the referee putting the ball 
in play by tossing it up and causing the two men whose 
position in the line-up is nearest the spot where the ball 
was when time was called to jump for the balf at the 
same place where it was when the game was stopped. 

Sec. 11. When the ball is out of bounds when time is 
called the game shall be resumed by putting the ball in 
play from out of bounds at the spot where it went out. 

Sec. 12. The ball is out of bounds when any part of it 
is over the boundary line, or when in the hands of a player 
who is out of bounds. A player is out of bounds when 
any part of his body is outside the boundary line. 

Sec. 13. When a ball goes out of bounds and imme- 
diately returns through any agency other than the inter- 
ference of a player, official or spectator, play shall con- 
tinue; unless the referee blows his whistle, in which case 
the ball shall be put in play as though it had not returned 
in bounds. 

Sec. 14. When the ball is out of bounds the player in 
pursuit first over the line nearest the spot where the ball 
went out shall return it to play. He may pass, bounce or 
roll it into the court in any direction from any spot out of 
bounds, providing the ball crosses the boundary line in its 
return at the spot where it went out. He need not come 
up to the line and he shall not be interfered with in re- 
turning the ball. No player shall stand within two feet of 
a man returning the ball into play, and the ball shall not 
be touched until it has entered the court. Persistent at- 
tempts to interfere with the return of the ball into play 
shall be construed as delaying the game, and k foul im- 
posed upon the offending ph yer. When the ball is returned 
into play it must be passed to and touched by some player 
other than the man who is returning it. He likewise must 
not delay the return of the ball more than five seconds 
after he has secured possession thereof. If he attempts to 
carry the ball in bounds or to toss it in and play it with- 



KEYSTONE TEAM OF ELTINGVILLE, N. Y. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 91 



out its first having been touclied by another player, or if 
he fails to return the ball into play within the time limit, 
the referee shall award the ball to the opposing team. 

Sec. 15. If the referee is in doubt as to which team is 
entitled to the ball out of bounds, he shall toss it up and 
cause the two men whose position in the line-up is nearest 
the spot where the ball went out to jump for the same 
at the place where the ball left the court. 

Sec. 16. The ball if carried out of bounds shall be 
awarded to the opposing team. 

Sec. 11. The ball if forced out of bounds by contact be- 
tween the player in possession of the ball and another 
player shall be awarded to neither side, but shall be put in 
play by tossing it up and causing the two men to jump for 
it, at the spot at which it went out; unless the contact 
between the two players was intentional, in which case a 
foul shall be called upon the offender for pushing. 

Sec. 18. Passing the ball to a team mate out of bounds 
constitutes an outside pass; the ball shall be awarded to 
the opposing team. 

Sec. 19. When a player in his attempt to put the ball 
into play from out of bounds throws it entirely across the 
court so that it goes out of bounds on the opposite side of 
the court without having touched either the court or 
player in bounds, the player shall be considered as having 
failed in his attempt to return the ball to play and the ball 
shall be brought back to the same spot and awarded to the 
opposing team. 

Sec. 20. In a cage game the ball is out of bounds when 
it has passed outside the cage, whether it bounces back 
again or not. After being returned within bounds, it shall 
be put in play by tossing it up and causing the two players 
whose position in a line-up is nearest the spot where the 
ball left the cage to jump for it. 

RULE 12. 
<<Dead Ball.'' 

The ball is dead when a goal has been scored from the 
field, or on a free throw. 

After both teams have had a trial on a double foul. 

When it has been awarded to a player out of bounds. 

AVhen touched by a spectator while on its way to the 
basket. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 93 



When thrown among the spectators or into a gallery or 
on a stage. 

When the referee's whistle sounds for out of bounds, 
held ball, time out, or a foul. 

When the umpire's whistle sounds calling a foul. 

When the timekeeper's whistle or bell sounds the expira- 
tion of the half or the end of the game. 

RULE 13. 
Scoring, 

Section 1. The basket that a team is attacking shall be 
known as. that team's basket. 

Sec. 2. A goal from the field shall count as two points 
while a goal made on a free throw resulting from a foul 
shall count as one point. 

Sec. 3. A goal made by mistake shall count for the side 
into whose basket the ball was throwu. 

Sec. 4. In match and champioiisliip g.-uncs the baskets 
shall be tied at the bottoms so that the ball cannot pass 
through. 

Sec. 5. If the ball or goal is tcmched or interfered with 
by the opposing team when the l)all is on the rim of the 
basket the referee shall award one point to the team 
attacking that basket. 

Sec. 6. A ball ento^.-ing the basket shall not be inter- 
fered with by the defenders of that l)asket: in the case of 
the ball having partly (Mitered tlie 1)ask('t and being batted 
out by the defenders of that basket, the goal shall count 
as if scored. 

Sec. 7. A foul shall entitle the side olTendi'd to a free 
throw for the basket'; the thrower must be a player en- 
gaged in the game at the time the foul was committed; he 
shall stand on that side of the foul line which is toward 
center when making the throw and no part of his body ex- 
cept his arms shall cross the line into the territory be- 
tween the foul line and the end line, until the ball has 
either entered or missed the basket. 

Sec. 8. While a free throw is being made no player 
shall place himself nearer than six feet from the thrower 
and no pmyer shall be in the territory between the foul line 
and the end line, and no player shall cross the foul line 
into the territory between foul line and end line until the 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 95 



ball has eithe ■ entered the- basket, scoring on the throw, 
or missed the basinet, when the referee shall blow his 
whistle announcing that a goal has been scored or that the 
ball is in play. 

Sec. 9. A goal from a free th"ow must be scored clean; 
If the ball touches or is carromed off the backboard the 
goal shall not count and the ball shall be put in play from 
center. 

Sec. 10. If an O'pponent shall cross the line while a free 
throw is being tried it shall entitle the thrower to another 
trial if the tnrow is missed; after which the ball if it 
has not entered the basket shall be considered in play. 

Sec. 11. If a player from the same team as the thrower 
shall cross the foul line into the territory between the foul 
line and end line before the ball has entered or missed the 
basket the goal if made shall not count, and the ball shall 
be put i-^ play at cenier. 

Sec. 12. If, in the opinion of the r(^feree, any proceed- 
ing on the part of the spectators has a tendency to lessen 
a player's chances of scoring on a free throw, or causes 
the player to miss the basket, he may order the player 
to continue throwing until a basket is made or the dis- 
turbance ceases. 

Sec. 13. When fouls are called simultaneously on both 
teams, each shall take its throw in succession and the 
game shall be resumed by the ball being tossed up at 
center. 

Sec. 14. When two or more fouls are called at the same 
time or one team, throws shall be made in succession and 
if the last throw results in a goal the ball shall be put in 
play at center; if not, tlie ball shall be considered in play. 

Sec. 15. A ball entering the basket after the whistle 
has sounded shall not count as a goal. 

Sec. 16. It shall not be obligatory to deduct time for 
periods consumed in making free throws, but if in the 
opinion of the referee the game is being obviously delayed 
for the purpose of affecting the tinal result, he shall deduct 
time. 

Sec. 17. A goal scored before the whistle can be blown 
for a foul committed by the team scoring shall not count. 

Sec. 18. A goal thrown by a player any part of whose 
person is touching the floor out of bounds shall not count. 
If the bail does not enter the basktt it is in play. 




YORKVILLE BASKET BALL TEAM OF NEW YORK CITY. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 97 



Sec. 19. If the whistle is blown for a fonl immediately 
before or simultaneously with the sound of the timekeep- 
er's whistle denoting the expiration of the half or the end 
of the game, the team offended shall be entitled to a free 
throw. If the foul occurs at the end of the game, the 
referee shall defer his announcempnt of the score and 
awarding of the game until the free throw has been either 
made or missed. 

Sec. 20. In case of an injury to a player, play shall con- 
tinue until the sound of the roforoe's whistle. If a goal is 
scored before the referee blows liis whistle, the gr)al shall 
count except under the ciir-niiistanfcs covered by Sees. 17 
and 18 of this rule. Xo jjlaycr shall take time out more 
than three times during the progress of the game. 

Sec. 21. When any person other than a regular official 
of the game shall blow a whistle, the referee shall exercise 
his own judgment in straightening out any complication 
that may arise therefrom; allowing the visiting team the 
benefit of any doubt that may exist. The home team shall 
be held responsible for occurrences of this kind. 

RULE 14. 

Section 1. There shall be no tackling, or holding an op- 
ponent. Grasping the clothing or person of a player or 
putting one or both arms about a player shall be consid- 
ered holding, and when playing an opponent from the rear, 
that is to saj% reaching for the ball, players must keep 
one arm free. A foul shall be called for violation of this 
rule. 

Sec. 2. A player shall not carry 'he l>all. TT(» must play 
it from the spot from which he catches it. Allow :iih (^ shall 
be made for one who catcln^s it while running, if he throws 
it at once or stops as soon as i)ossil)le. '!'his shall not be 
construed as interfei-ing with a player's turning around 
without making progress. A foul shall be called for viola- 
tion of this rule. 

Sec. 3. Striking an opponent with the edge of the open 
hand is known as hacking. It shall be a foul to hack an 
opponent. 

Sec. 4. It shall be a foul to push an opponent. It shall 
be a foul to shoulder, hip or charge an opponent. 

Sec. 5. It shall be a foul to trip, elbow, punch, kick or 
indulge in any style of play calculated to injure or disable 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 



99 



an opponent. The ofEcials shall be very strict on these 
points, and may disqualify on the first offense. Should a 
player be injured by an opponent and forced to retire from 
the game, the offending player must be disqualified for that 
game. 

Sec. 6. Any player using profane, abusive or insulting 
language, whether addressed to an official, player or spec- 
tator, nia}^ be disqualified without further notice. 

Sec. 7. Any player disphiying a tendency to P-ay a 
viciors rr unnueccssari 3' rough game, may upon warnirg 
be disqualified. 

Sec. 8. The r('f( i'( slmll notify the Secretary of the 
Protective Basketball inid Athletic Association of the East- 
ern States uhcueAcr a i)layer has been disqualified, giving 
full particulars. 

RILE 15. 

Section 1. The interference with the progress of a 
player by iiiterposiug the person of another player between 
the first pl.'iyer, and the place or oV)ject toward whidi 
he is advancing, shall be t( rmed blocking. While a bhx k 
of the kind described shall be permissible, it must be un- 
derstood that the use of the elbows or hips, holding, charg- 
ing rr pushing shall not figure in, nor constitute a legiti- 
mate block; but shall be considered a foul as provided 
in these rules. 

Sec. 2. The dribble is a play in which the ball is ad- 
vanced by rolling, bouncing or tossing with one or both 
hands more tlian two times, taking more than two steps at 
the same time, without the assistance of another player. 
A player who has dribbhMl (three or more bounces and 
more than two steps) cannot score a goal until the ball has 
been played by anotlier itl;iy( r. Successive tries for goals 
l)y one Avho has not dribbled shall not be considered a 
dribble. Officials shall see that a player does not violate 
Rule 14, Sec. 2, while dribbling. 

RULE 16. 

Section 1. If through sickness or injury to a player It 
becomes necessary for the referee to call time, none of the 
uninjured players of that team shall leave the floor. Play 
shall be resumed in three minutes, and if the injured player 
is unable to play by that time, a substitute shall take bis 
place or the game start at once without him. Players leav- 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 



101 



ing the court auring the three minutes' intermission do so 
at their own risk. 

Sec. 2. A team shall forfeit a game when it fails to 
appear upon the floor, or being on the floor fails to line up 
for play within three minutes after the referee has ordered 
a line-up, unless such delay in appearing or commencing 
the game was unavoidable. When, after the game has be- 
•gun, it refuses or fails to continue playing, except when 
|he game has been suspended or stopped by the referee, 
when after play has been suspended it fails to resume play- 
ing within three minutes after the referee calls play; when 
after the disqualification of a player said player refuses to 
drop out within three minutes; and when it refuses to play oft 
I a tie. A forfeited game is lost by a score of 2 points to 0. 
I Sec. 3. No basketball game shall ond with a tie. If, at 
I the expiration of forty minutes' play, each team shall have 
j scored an equal number of points, the game shall be sus- 
pended long enough to announce the tiine and circum- 
stances and play shall immediately be resumed without 
change of goals or officials until one or the other team has 
I scored two additional points. Ihe points may be made 
( either from field, goals or free throws. The team first 
I scoring two points wins; except in case of a second tie, 
both teams having scored one point each on a free throw 
I and then making the second point simultaneously, by both 
teams scoring on a double foul; in which case the game 
shall still be considered a tie and play shall continue as 
provided in the foregoing. 

RULE 17. 

, Section 1. The home team ;:,hall take the necessary 
j measures to preserve order on its own floor and among 
the spectators. If the latter intrude themselves upon the 
I floor during the progresr ot the game, or interfere with the 
( play in any manner, the visiting team miay appeal to the 
; referee to order the floor cleared, and if this is not done 

I within five minutes the visiting team can claim and shall 
be awarded the game by a score of 2 points to 0. 
Sec. 2. All inquiries relating to these rules may be sent 
to the Secretary of the Protective Basketball and Athletic 
Association. Appeals must be filed in writing within 
twenty-four hours. Enclose self-addressed stamped enve- 
■ lope for reply. 

. 



Constitution of The Protective 
Basketball and Athletic Associ= 
ation of the Eastern States 

NAME. 

This Association shall be called the Protective Basket' 
ball and Athletic Association of the Eastern States. 

ARTICLE I. 
Objects. 

The objects of this Association are: to perpetnate bas- 
ketball as the National niidwintci- sjiDrt. and to snrronnd it 
with such safegnards as to warrant aljsolute pnl)li(' confi- 
dence in its integrity aod methods ])y cstnblisliing a nni- 
forin code of rnles, and l)y offering jnorcct ion to its mem- 
bers and the bodies afliliatcMl ^\•itll tlio Association; and 
to provide athletic competition for its menilx-rs. 

ARTICLE 2. 
Members hi p. 

Section 1. The membersiiip of this organization shall 
be limited to athletic clnl)s and clnbs playing l)asketban. 

Sec. 2. The Association, tlii'ongli its r.(»;ii'(l of Gover- 
nors, snbject to the approval of the Association, shall be 
the sole jndge of the (pialifications of ai>phcants for mem- 
bership therein, and of the eligil)ility for continned mem- 
bership. 

Sec. 3. Each Association clnb shall have the right to 
regnlate its own affairs, to fornuilate its own rnles, and to 
discipline, pnnish, snspend or expel its own manager, play- 
ers or othcials, and these powers shall not be limited to 
cases of dishonest players or open insnbordination, bnt shall 
inclnde all qnestions of carelessness, indifference or other 
condnct that may be regarded by the clnb as prejndicial to 
its interests and not in conliict with the playing rnles or 
Constitntion of this organization. 

Sec. 4. Applications for membership shall be in the 
form prescribed by the Association, and the acceptance of 



104 PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL. 



membership shall bind such clubs to abide by the Constitu- 
tion and playing rules, and to accept all decisions emanat- 
ing from the Association. 

Sec. 5. Applications for membership shall be voted upon 
by ballot at a regular Association meeting, a three-fourths 
vote being necessary to elect. A violation of the Consti- 
tution or rules, or order of the Board of Governors made 
in conformity therewith, shall render the member violating 
liable to suspension by the Board of Governors until the 
next Association meeting, when the case shall come up for 
Association action. 

Sec. 6. The membership of any club may be terminated: 

By resignation duly accepted by a three-fourths vote of 
all the clubs represented at a regular Association meeting. 

By failure to have its team present at the time and place 
agreed upon to play any game, unless caused by unavoid- 
able accident, which question shall be decided by the Asso- 
ciation at a regular meeting. 

By playing any game of basketball with or competing 
against a club that is disqualified or ineligible under the 
Constitution. 

By wilful violation of any part of this Constitution. 
By failing or refusing to fulfil its contracts or agree- 
ments. 

By wilfully neglecting to pay its dues as provided for in 
this Constitution, within thirty (30) days of notification. 

By agreeing or attempting to lose any game of basket- 
ball, or failing to immediately expel any player found guilty 
of agreeing or attempting to lose any game or any athletic 
event. 

ARTICLE 3. 
Dues. 

Section 1. Each club in this Association shall pay the 
Association Treasurer on, or before October 1 of each year, 
the sum of One Dollar ($1.00) annual dues. Every appli- 
cant for membership shall likewise remit with its applica- 
tion the sum of One Dollar ($1.00), which sum shall be 
considered as covering entrance fee and annual dues. 

Sec. 2. The receipts from all sources shall be devoted to 
defraying only the necessary expenses of the Association, 
i. e.: printing, postage, stationery, etc. No expenses In- 
curred by delegates in attending Association meetings or by 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 105 



members of the Board of Governors in attending Board 
meetings shall be paid with Association funds. 

ARTICLE 4. 
Meetings. 

Section 1. The annual meeting of this Association shall 
be held on October 1, or as soon thereafter as practicable. 
Subsequent meetings shall be called whenever deemed ad- 
visable by the Association. Special meetings may be called 
l)y a majority vote at an Association meeting, and upon 
the written re(j(uest of at least twelve (12) Association 
clubs. The date and location of such meeting and a state- 
ment of the object thereof to be contained in the notice. 

Sec. 2. Five (5) days' notice of every Association meet- 
'ing shall be mailed by the Secretary to every member. A 
inotice mailed to the address last given by the member shall 
be deemed a full compliance with the requirements of this 
Constitution. 

Sec. 3. The following shall be order of business, which 
may be suspended by a three-fourths vote of all the mem- 
bers present, at a regular meeting: 
I Roll Call. 

Reading of Minutes. 
I Communications. 

Proposals for Membership. 

Reports of Committees. 

Treasurer's Report. 
] Collection of Dues. 
I Election of Members. 

I Unfinished, New or Miscellaneous Business. 
! Election of OflScers and Board of Governors (Annual 
Meeting). 
I Adjoui'nment. 

j Sec. 4. In the interval between two Association meet- 
I ings, any action that might lawfully be taken at a special 
meeting may be so taken by a mail or telegraph vote. Pro- 
vided that where this Constitution requires a majority vote, 
I the vote so taken, to be effective, must be a majority vote 
I of all the members voting, and where this Constitution re- 
I quires a three-fourths vote, the vote so taken, to be effec- 
tive, must be a three-fourths vote of all the members voting, 
and further provided that in every instance such mail or tele- 
graph vote shall be taken by the Corresponding Secretary, 



106 PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 



and the ballots of each mcmher must be preserved in the 
Corresponding Secretary's files. In despatching communica- 
tions for a mail or telegraphic vote, th© substance of the 
communication shall be a statement that a mail or tele- 
graphic vote is required upon the following. Then shall 
be written a copy, verbatim of the motion, resolution or 
subject as submitted to the meeting, and spread; upon the 
minutes. TTie communication shall close with a request that 
the vote be sent in on or before a given date, and shall 
contain no opinion, comment or argument calculated to in- 
lluence the voter. 

ARTICLE 5. 
Representation. 

Section 1. Every Club in this Association shall appoint 
one delegate to cast its ballot and represent it at Associa- 
tion meetings. Each Club shall likewise appoint one alter- 
nate of such delegate. Delegate and alternate must be 
members of the Club in good standing, and shall represent 
their respective organizations until superseded or with- 
drawn. The appointment of every delegate and alternate 
shall be in writing signed by the members of the Club sub- 
mitting the appointment. The name of a person submitted 
as delegate shall be withdrawn upon request of the Asso- 
ciation, said request to be confirmed by a majority vote of 
all members present at a regular meeting. 

Sec. 2. A Club may at any time, by written notice ad- 
dressed to the Secretary of the Association, and signed by 
the members of the Club, withdraw its delegate provided an- 
other bd simultaneously substituted for the one withdrawn. 
And if the delegate thus withdrawn is at that time a mem- 
ber of the Board of Managers, he shall vacate his place on 
the Board, which vacancy shall be filled as provided in Ar- 
ticle 7, Section 6, of this Constitution. 

ARTICLE 6. 
Officers. 

Section 1. At its annual meeting this Association shall 
elect its officers, consisting of a President, Vice-President, 
Secretary, Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer, who 
shall hold office until the next annual meeting, or until 
their successors are elected. The election shall be by bal- 
lot, a majority vote of all the members present at the an- 
nual meeting beln^ necessary to elect. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 107 



Sec. 2. The President shall preside at the meetings of 
' the Association, and generally perform such other duties 
as appertain to his office, including the callings of meetings 
as provided for in Article 4, Section 1, of this Constitution. 
Sec. 3. The Vice-President shall take the place of the 
: President in his absence or in case of his inability to act. 
Sec. 4. The Secretary shall have the custody and care 
of the Association records and papers, and shall keep a 
1 record of all Association meetings ; shall likewise keep a 
fi record of all events held under the auspices of the Associa- 
tion, and of all infractions of the Constitution, By-Laws and 
Rules of the Association that are reported to him, or come 
under his notice, and shall make a report of the same at 
the next Association meeting. He shall also keep a record 
) based upon reports submitted, of all teams, Association and 
otherwise. This record shall be kept at the Association 
headquarters and shall at all times be accessible to mem- 
bers. 

ij Sec. 5. The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct all 

i correspondence, issue notices of all Association meetings and 
meetings of the Board of Governors and perform such other 
duties as may be allotted to him by this Constitution. 
Sec. 6. The Treasurer of the Association shall be the 

/ custodian of all funds of the Association, receive all dues, 
and other moneys, make such payments as iii;iy be ordc^i-pd 
by a vote of the Association, submit a rcitort \\ii('ii('\('r 
asked and shall turn over all moneys, accounts. l)()uks, 
papers, vouchers and records appcrtaliiiug to his ollicc to 

I his successor. 

5 The Treasurer shall give such bond as the Association 
may require, the Association to bear the expense of same. 

ARTICI.E 7. 
Board of Governors, 

Section 1. At its annual meeting the Association shall 
elect four members, who together with the officers of the 
Association shall constitute the Board of Governors. The 
members so elected shall hold office until the succeeding 
I annual meeting or until their successors are elected. 

Sec. 2. The duties of the Board of Governors shall be 
to determine the eligibility of all applicants for member- 
ship ; to impose and enforce penalties for any and all viola- 
tions of the Constitution, or Rules of this Association ; re- 



108 PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 



ceive and take action on all protests and complaints ; call 
regular and special meetings of the Association as pro- 
vided by the Constitution and to designate the time and 
place of same ; explain, define and interpret any part of 
this Constitution at the request of any member. 

Sec. 3. No action of the Board of Governors shall be 
final until approved by the Association. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President and Secretary of 
the Association shall serve as President, Vice-President and 
Secretary respectively of the Board of Governors. 

Sec. 5. The Board of Governors shall meet monthly and 
at such other times as may be deemed necessary. The 
President shall call all meetings of the Board of Governors 
as provided by this Constitution. 

Sec. 6. Any vacancy occurring on the Board of Gov- 
ernors shall be filled by the Association at the next meet- 
ing following the date on which such vacancy occurred; 
when an election shall be held in the form prescribed by this 
Constitution and the candidate receiving a majority of the 
votes cast shall fill said vacancy until the succeeding annual 
election. 

ARTICLE 8. 
Committees. 

Section 1. There shall be appointed by the Association 
a committee to be known as the Championship Committee. 
The Chiampionship Committee shall have discretionary 
powers in arranging details, and taking such steps as are 
necessary to the holding of any championship tournament 
determined upon by the Association. It shall consist of 
three members and no action taken or contract entered into 
by this committee shall be final until approved by the 
Association. 

Sec. 2. There shall be appointed by the Association a 
committee to be known as the Rules Committee. It shall 
be the duty of the Rules Committee to interpret the play- 
ing rules of the Association, to note all suggestions of 
changes or modifications thereof and to make such changes 
as the best interest of the game may suggest. 

Sec. 3. There shall be appointed by the Association 9- 
committee to be known as the Auditing Committee. It shall 
be the duty of the Auditing Committee to audit and examine 
the accounts of the Treasurer at least two weeks prior to 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 109 



the annual meeting of the Association and make its report 
thereof to the Association at the annual meeting. 

Said committee shall also at other times, when requested 
by the Association, make an examination of the accounts 
of the Treasurer, and report to the Association thereon, 
and may in such case require the Treasurer to turn over to 
it all moneys, accounts, hooks, papers, vouchers and records 
appertaining to his office. 

ARTICLE 9. 
Parliamentary Proceedings. 

Cushing's Manual shall be the governing authority in the 
parliamentary proceedings at Association meetings. 

ARTICLE 10. 
Amendments. 

Any proposed amendment to this Constitution shall be 
submitted in writing at the second meeting preceding the 
meeting at which the vote on the amendment will be taken. 
All members shall receive at least ten days' notice of the 
proposed amendment and the date of meeting at which it 
will be voted upon, and a two-thirds vote of all members 
present at that meeting shall be deemed necessary to ratify 
amendment. Members unable to attend aforesaid meeting 
may vote by mail, such votes being kept on file by the Sec- 
retary as prescribed in this Constitution. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. lU 



Plate No. 1. 

On the opposite page is an illustration of one 
of the phases of hacking which occurs very fre- 
quently. One player is taking a shot at the bas- 
ket, which his opponent, who has just reached 
him, aims to spoil by striking the thrower on the 
muscles of the upper arm with the outer edge of 
his open hand. Such a blow is temporarily para- 
lyzing in its effect, and is one of the worst forms 
of violent rough play. It calls for the whistle 
every time. 




PLATE NO. 2. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 113 



Plate No. 2. 

Illustrates a device frequently resorted to by a 
big man in stopping the progress and sometimes 
the breathing of a smaller opponent. This illus- 
tration speaks for itself. Combining rough play 
with holding, and tactics calculated to disable an 
opponent. A few of these holds should justify 
disqualification. 




I>LATE NO. 3. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. I 15 



Plate No. 3. 

Illustrates a form of holding used to delay an 
opponent's progress, generally with the intent to 
keep him out of the game long enough to destroy 
his effectiveness in carrying through some signal 
play. Needless to state, it is a foul. 



£LAT£ NO. 4. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. \ij 



Plate No. 4. 

Illustrates a hold. Such a situation can never 
be called a held ball, for it is plainly self-evident 
that the player in the rear has both arms about 
his opponent, as well as the ball. Whistle. 




PLATE NO. 5. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 



Plate No. 5. 

Illustrates another style of holding. The player 
-in the rear, with one arm clasping the waist of 
his opponent, holds the other aloft in the hope 
that, with one arm free, he will fool the official. 
It is holding pure and simple, and good officials 
will not be tricked so easily. 




PLATE NO. 0. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 121 



Plate No. 6. 

Illustrates a situation that sometimes afifords 
considerable amusement to everybody but the 
anxious wearer of the jersey. Don't let the 
amusement interfere with the fact that this is 
holding, and that the unceremonious disrobing 
which sometimes accompanies this practice is 
very embarrassing and delays the game. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION 



BASKET 



BALL. 



Plate No. 7. 

Is holding, pure and simple, and the fact that 
the ball is held to the ground ofifers no excuse. 




PLATE NO. 8. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 125 



Plate No. 8. 

Strongly resembles the wrestling trick known 
as the ''flying mare." The ball has been held to 
the ground, and the player on top, in attempting 
to reach it, has climbed on his opponent's back. 
The under man does not help things any by 
grasping the arm of the man on top and attempt- 
ing to heave him over his head, and unless tw^o 
wrongs make a right, the whole affair resembles 
a double foul. Had the under player not tried to 
toss the upper man, the official should stop the 
upper man's laying over his opponent in short 
order by imposing a foul for holding. 



PLATE NO. 9. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 1?? 



Plate No. 9. 

Illustrates a player catching the ball on or 
near the boundary line, while his opponent, who 
has no hope of obtaining possession of the ball, 
deliberately fouls him by a violent push. The 
offender, without doubt^ is the man who does the 
pushing, and the man with the ball cannot be 
considered as carr3dng it out of bounds. 



PLATE NO. 10, 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 120 



Plate No. 10. 

Illustrates one of the most dangerous forms of 
fouling. Serious accidents often result from 
that most sneaking- of all plays — the trip. The 
best place for the player who trips is on the side 
lines. 



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PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 131 



Plate No. 11. 

Illustrates a man pursuing the ball out of 
bounds. His opponent, who is a little bit late, 
tries to prevent his securing the ball by hipping 
him. It is a superfluous and unnecessary piece of 
roughness, for possession of the ball depends not 
upon who touches it first when out of bounds, 
but upon who crosses the line first nearest the 
ball. Officials will do well to discourage this 
sort of thing by the instant use of the whistle. 



i 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 13^ 



Plate No. 12. 

Illustrates the use of the elbow to temporarily 
disable an opponent. The man in front is drib- 
bling; the man in the rear, while attempting to 
cover as best he can, comes within range and is 
the recipient of an elbow in the solar-plexus. 
Needless to say, he is temporarily disabled. The 
elbow figures in many other plays, and requires 
a sharp-eyed official to detect it. It is ''dirty'' 
play of the worst description. 




PLATE NO. 13. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 135 



Plate No. 13. 

Illustrates practically the same thing as Plate 
No. 12, and would seem to indicate that the one- 
handed dribble, in spite of all that was claimed 
for it, offered quite a few opportunities for flag- 
rant violations. 




PLATE NO. 14. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 137 



Plate No. 14. 

Illustrates a false conception of the ''block." 
The player with the ball is trying to get away, 
and while it w^ould be good team work on the 
part of his team mate to interpose himself be- 
tween the man with the ball and his opponent, yet 
by using his elbow and hip he does not use a 
legitimate block, but is guilty of a palpable foul. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 139 



Plate No. 15. 

Another mistaken idea of ''blocking." The 
player with the ball is under the goal just about 
to shoot. It would be good team work on the 
part of the team mate to get in the way of the 
opponent who is rushing up to stop the goal, but 
he makes the mistake of charging at him, and 
consequently spoils a good play by committing 
a foul. 




PLATE NO. 16. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 141 



Plate No. 16. 

Shows a foul jump at center on the toss-up. 
One player by throwing his weight on his oppo- 
nent seeks to keep him down while forcing him- 
self aloft at the other's expense. As usual, the 
referee is gazing at the ball, utterly oblivious to 
the foul that is being committed right under his 
nose. 



PLATE NO. 17. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. U3 



Plate No. 17. 

Exposes a very dangerous foul. The picture 
speaks for itself, and the act should call for in- 
stant disqualification. Referee still watching the 
ball. 




PLATE NO. 18. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 1 45 



Plate No. 18. 

Shows a foul committed by batting the ball 
while in its upward course. This is contrary to 
rule, as the ball is not in play until the referee's 
whistle sounds when the ball reaches its greatest 
height. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 147 



Plate No. 19. 

Shows where a player jumping for the ball 
fouls his opponent by forcing back his head with 
the open hand. This is dirty play of the worst 
type, and anything can happen to a player who is 
subjected to this sort of thing while in the air. 
It is worse than roughness, for the player assailed 
stands a first-class chance of getting his neck- 
broken. 




PLATE No. 20. 



PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BASKET BALL. 149 



Plate No. 20. 

What these rules are trying to ehminate ; the 
superfluous, stupid and utterly uncalled for 
''held ball/' This is not basket ball, but a wrest- 
ling exhibition. While it is progressing eiglit 
players are transformed into spectators, and the 
game is delayed pending the outcome of this un- 
necessary bit of rough house. When the referee 
finally stops it by blowing the whistle, the two 
participants jump; clean perhaps and perhaps 
otherwise, and each goes his way with a well- 
developed desire to get square on the other at 
the next opportunity that offers. 



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Rroper* Way To Keep Score. 



RULES FOR SCORING. 

All Games Must Be Scored as Per Diagram on 
Opposite Page, 

A sample page for a team will be found on the oppo- 
site page. In the first column are spaces for the posi- 
tion of each player, in the second column are found the 
names of the players, in the third column the goals 
scored during the first half. 

In this column will be found three sets of marks ; 
a figure two (2), which denotes a goal scored from 
the field; a figure one (1), which denotes a goal scored 
from foul and a cipher (0), denoting that a goal from 
foul has been tried for and missed. The figure two (2) 
of course counts two points, the figure one (1) one 
point and the cipher (0) nothing. The use of plain 
figures rather than symbols will simplify scoring and 
has the advantage of being readily added. At the bot- 
tom of the column is the total number of points scored 
during that half. 

In the fourth column are the fouls ; an X denoting 
that a foul has been called on a player. In the event 
of a disqualification, mark a D in the column and 
state nature of offence. 

The score book is a necessity to the manager who 
wishes to keep an accurate record of the ability of his 
players, and systematic scoring is essential to the elim- 
ination of disputes over the score. 



THE MINUTE MEN. 



Managers of tiome teams are notified that in the event 
of a sudden cancellation, a team specially organized for 
the protection of Association members in cases of this kind, 
and known as "The Minute Men," can he secured on a few 
hours' notice. 

The team will be prepared to play anywhere within 100 
miles of New York and will cost no more than the actual 
traveling and hotel expenses amount to. If you find your- 
self in a tight position don't stand for a hold-up, but wire 
your Association ; that's what we are in business for. 
Address 

THOS. H. SMITH. 
225 East 31st Street, New York City. 



DISENGAGED PLAYERS. 

A list of disengaged players will be kept at headquarters 
for the benefit of managers desiring to make changes in 
the line-up of their teams. Any player who can produce 
a satisfactory release from tho last team he played upon 
can have his name entered upon this list. 

State name, age, weight, position, name of last team 
played on, address of its manager, and reason for severing 
connection therewith. Address 

THOS. H. SMITH. 
225 East 31st Street, New York City. 



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